In the 15th and 16th centuries AD, philosophers emerged in Europe who were more secular than their medieval counterparts. Three of these philosophers were Niccolò Machiavelli, Thomas Hobbes, and Pico della Mirandola, each of whom had unique ideas about human nature, and the source of people’s joy and sorrow. Machiavelli and Hobbes were both critical of human nature, each proposing their own solution to the flaws they saw in their society, while Mirandola praised humanity’s potential.
Niccolò Machiavelli was a political philosopher who lived in Florence, Italy during the Rennaisance. While in exile, and hoping for political employment, he wrote The Prince, in which he claimed that humans, inherently corrupt, must be ruled by a prince who prioritizes effective government over morality and ethics.…