Bioethics In Nuremberg

Great Essays
Nazi Germany is forever remembered as the villainous provocateur of World War II. This war played host to some of the most atrocious events in human history. The war has evoked several images of human cruelty, war torn cities and towns, concentration camps, nuclear holocaust, racial hatred, and villainous dictators. Underneath the tumultuous events of World War II, there was a section of Nazi policy directed at military, medical, and euthanasia experimentation. In a ravaged post war Germany, the city of Nuremberg played host to what could quite possibly be the most chilling trial in human history. The Nuremberg trials detailed some of the most gruesome events committed against humanity. The medical proceedings detailed quite possibly the …show more content…
In the wake of the medical proceedings, knowledge of these experiments would force the bioethics community to draft The Nuremberg Code, which has had an impact on the world of human experimentation. The Medical Proceedings marked an end to the atrocity and punishment for the wrongs committed against innocent victims. Personal accounts, documents, and texts all revealed the brutal nature of these experiments. These medical professionals abandoned patient first healthcare and the Nazi state twisted the medical profession to serve its …show more content…
Instead of just executing these leaders or having quick military summary proceedings, a push was made to have a fair international military tribunal. The city of Nuremberg was chosen because of its symbolic place within Nazi occupied Germany. It was here that Hitler proclaimed a thousand year Reich, and it was here that Hitler declared the atrocious Nuremberg laws that revoked many rights of German Jews. At the time of the trials, there was no judicial precedent for such a tribunal, therefore precedent had to be made to handle the war crimes trials. An agreement was made between the allied nations and a charter was passed that established a tribunal which “was invested with power to try and punish persons who had committed crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity as defined in the charter.” The charter clearly defined what constituted each criminal act. Crimes against peace were interpreted as planning or waging a war of aggression or a war contrary to international treaties. War crimes were defined as “Violations of the laws or customs of war.” These could be illustrated as mistreatment of civilians, pillaging cities and private property, or any act of destruction not necessitated by war. The last of the charges would be those applicable to the Nazi doctors, crimes against humanity. These were outlined as “Murder, extermination, enslavement,

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    During 1950’s there was no such clear guideline even in the Nuremberg code (1947, developed after Nazi experiments) that prevents the research (proves unethical) on human tissue. The medical researchers completely disrespected the Henriette lacks…

    • 368 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    The United Nations also set up a Human Rights Commission, which was set up to help prevent future atrocities. These trials showed that atrocities…

    • 134 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Decent Essays

    During World War II, German physicians from the Third Reich conducted numerous amounts of medical experiments on concentration camp prisoners. The experiments conducted did not regard for the physical wellbeing of the test subjects, nor was their survival rate taken into consideration. These unethical medical experiments may be divided into three categories. The first category of experiments was aimed towards the survival of Axis powers military personnel¬. It had experiments that tested the conditions of the human body in hypothermia and whether sea water was drinkable.…

    • 171 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Buck Vs Lee Essay

    • 1757 Words
    • 8 Pages

    After the Holocaust, a set of Laws was set as the standard for medical and research ethics, thus the Nuremberg Code. In a 1953 Document, the Nuremberg Code is presented, followed by this statement, “Much the same rules in regard to medical experiments on human beings have been delineated by the American Medical Association” (Shimkin 401-403). The Nuremberg Code was a response to the atrocities that occurred in Europe during the Holocaust, and the main function of the Code was to clearly state what was legal and illegal in the field of medicine with humans as subjects, because “Research on human beings, of course, involves unique hazards, precautions, and responsibilities…ethical, religious, and legal considerations, cannot and must not be ignored or minimized” (Shimkin 401). Other regulatory groups and systems have been put into play in order to make sure these considerations are not ignored; these include the FDA and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services among many others. These governmentally funded groups as well as others have been the reason for protections and standards of care that must be met when it comes to human experimentation, medical testing, and the healthcare…

    • 1757 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Others insist that the trials were legal, however, because the Nazis had committed enormous crimes by any nation's standards. Though there are no international laws that specifically forbid slaughtering and torturing millions of people, such acts are so horrible that they do not need to be formally prohibited. A world state does not have to exist before war criminals can be brought to justice (“War…

    • 891 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The Nuremberg trials were a set of proceedings that tried Germans officers and doctors for war crimes. Not all of the doctors faced trial because they fled. One of the doctors was Dr. Heim. He fled to Egypt to escape what he deserved. He converted to Islam and changed his name so no one would know what he did and tell the police.…

    • 518 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Medical Experiments during the Holocaust Have you ever wondered about the Medical Experiments on the Jews during the Holocaust? The Medical Experiments were very cruel towards the Jews, the experiments had a great impact on the Jews, and the Nazis gathered very valuable information by doing the medical experiments on the Jews. The Nazis performed many horrifying medical experiments on the Jews during the Holocaust. Some of the experiments they did on the Jews were freezing, high altitude, torture, and many more experiments.…

    • 367 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    “Thou shalt not be a victim, thou shalt not be a perpetrator, but, above all, thou shalt not be a bystander,” this means when immoral events happen in the world people need to tell others and stop them rather than stand there and watch the events take place (Skog 57). During the Holocaust, people were taken as prisoners, and the doctors conducted unethical experiments on them rather than treating them. Many people died throughout the Holocaust because of these complex trials. Regular people became victims and experienced experiments performed by doctors solely because of the person’s religion or ethnicity. The bone, muscle, and nerve transplants done without anesthesia, the hypothermia experiments, Josef Mengele’s twin experiments at Auschwitz,…

    • 1883 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Dr Mengele Research Paper

    • 732 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Experiments of Inhumanity For the few that know about Dr. Josef Mengele, it’s concluded that he was responsible for The Selections. Selections took place when men were separated from women and children. Then a Nazi would look over them to see if they were healthy or not. With the simple words of “Left or Right”, the fate of the people rested in his hands, but he was responsible for so much more.…

    • 732 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    It is a set of ten ethical principles created in an attempt to establish standards and guidelines for medical experimentation in humans. The Nuremberg code was established to protect the human subjects and serve as a foundation for ethical clinical research (Ghooi, 2011). It was developed because of the horrors of human experimentation done by Nazi physicians and investigator, and it placed crucial attention on the fundamental rights of research participants and on the responsibilities of investigators” (Ghooi, 2011). The Nuremberg Code stresses on several essential elements such as voluntary inform consent, absence of coercion, explanations of risk and benefits involved, scientifically qualified researchers, beneficence, and freedom to withdraw from experiment at any time. These elements were all grossly violated during the Tuskegee syphilis study as participants’ were exposed to more harm than good, and their freedom to make informed decisions were dishonored.…

    • 1603 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Inhumany In The Holocaust

    • 308 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Doctors participated in such research projects and experiments that held people against their will to death through experiment. These people were thought to be inferior to the human race. Many practices became widely accepted and embraced by the Germans from the Nazi’s propaganda. The Nazis also performed cruel medical experiments on Jewish prisoners, both living and…

    • 308 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    At other concentration camps, new drugs to fight infectious diseases were tested on prisoners (Woolf 1). All in all, the medical experiments performed by the Nazis shed light on their cruelty towards human beings. In conclusion, the malice the Nazis showed to their prisoners was extreme. Through concentration camps, extermination camps, and unethical medical experiments, the Nazis tortured and killed many innocent people.…

    • 653 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    This is in direct violation of the Nuremberg Code for human experimentation. It would appear that the policy maker’s hubris is only matched by their subject’s…

    • 1389 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Great Essays

    There were no consumer regulations, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Common Rule and Institutional Review Boards (IRBs). The Nuremberg Code was introduced in August 1947 after Nuremberg trials. An American military tribunal opened a criminal proceedings to against 23 leading German physicians and administrators which they committed crimes and tortured the prisoners in the concentration camp prisoners during the human experimentation. Thousands of concentration camp prisoners were participating without obtained consent before medical experimentation. At the end of the experiment, most of the participants died or permanently injured.…

    • 993 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Well over two hundred doctors were involved in the operation of concentration camps, conduction’ Selektionen’ medical services, and research.” (Williams). Among the two hundred scientists Karl Brandt, Hitler’s personal physician, performed studies such as high altitude, freezing, poison, and many more. “Some of these experiments had legitimate scientific purposes, though the methods that were used violated the canons of medical ethics.…

    • 1456 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays