HCV is a disease the effects the liver slowly over a period of time. The virus persists in the site of the liver over a long period of time, so that the patients may not know that he/she has HCV. Over this period of time, the patient will develop fibrosis and cirrhosis which is permanent scarring and scarring to the liver tissue. This damage is ‘silent’, and many times patients do not know that this damage has occurred. After cirrhosis occurs, the liver is unable to heal itself leading patients to have “Stage 4 Hepatitis C” (CDC: Hepatitis C).…
Rituximab is an antibody that is primarily found on the surface of B cells in the immune system. It destroys B cells and thus is used to treat diseases that are characterized by B cell disorders e.g. overactive B cells, excessive numbers of B cells, or dysfunctional B cells. Rituximab use has been associated with increased risk of hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients who are negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and positive for anti-hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc). The authors of this study aim to clarify the risk of HBV reactivation in a cohort of HBsAg-negative/anti-HBc-positive patients treated with rituximab-containing combination chemotherapy without concomitant antiviral prophylaxis and to identify possible risk factors for HBV reactivation in the patients.…
Although most knew, that Hep B was spread person to person many did not know how it was spread and that it could be spread by a person who was asymptomatic. These findings show that there are barriers that need to be addressed before Hep B can be reduced in this population (Xiong, M., et al.,…
For instance, hepatitis C might lead to liver cancer. It is usually caused by inefficient medical practices including usage of contaminated tools such as needles or other injecting equipment. (3) Therefore, the liver becomes inflamed and scarred. (3)…
As all officers who reported having testing and immunization policy, were asked about the pre-employment requirements. 66.7 % of officers agreed that in the pre-employment stage evaluation of immunization status is required, 60 % of officers agreed that their hospitals ask for Hepatitis C antibody testing, 43.3 % of officers reported that panel drug screen and alcohol testing is a requirement as well. 90 % listed chest X-ray, Tuberculosis skin testing (TST) and Hepatitis B vaccination (for employees whose jobs may involve exposure to blood, body fluid or tissues) as pre-employment requirements in the consenting hospitals. On the other hand, only 40 % of officers reported Influenza vaccination and E-Tdap-Tetanus, Diphtheria and…
epidemic happened in 1930 and after that, it didn’t take too long to figure out that the bacterium was Rickettsia psittaci. It was later found that the source was birds, including parrots, cockatoos, etc. Long after Lyme disease came about, a man named Allen Steere and others began to think that this disease comes from ticks, specifically a deer tick. Many people believe that the white-tailed deer is the host from which the deer tick gets it sustenance, but in reality, the deer don’t had the spirochete that causes the disease. It’s been found, though, that white-footed mouse do.…
When this blood is injected into another person's body, so many diseases are potentially being spread that can lead to an increase of deaths in the area. Some of these diseases include; Necrotising Fasciitis, Septic Thrombophlebitis, Thrombophlebitis, Cellulitis, Tetanus, HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), and Hepatitis. All of these diseases have a negative impact on the life of the person who is infected and some can even affect those who are close to the user.…
The severity of the disease and fatal outcomes are higher in older age groups rather than younger age groups. The Hepatitis A virus is transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food and water or through direct contact with an infectious person. Hepatitis A is one of the most frequent causes of food borne infection. The virus is an infection associated with lack of safe water and poor hygiene. Unlike Hepatitis B and C, Hepatitis A infection does not cause chronic liver disease and is not always fatal, but it can cause debilitating symptoms and fulminant hepatitis (acute liver failure) which is often very fatal.…
Hepatitis B is a disease that attacks the liver. It can be an acute case or it can lead to death. The severity varies from each case or person. Your shot record must be up to date so you lower your risk of catching any diseases you may come in contact with. Pharmacy technicians are under the supervision of the pharmacist.…
The degenerative disease that I have chosen is Cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is scarring of the liver. It happens when someone has had an injury or disease for a long time that scar tissue starts to form. Is not always known what may be causing it, but there are some things that can cause it.…
The study of influenza virus evolution is not new. In fact, humans have been studying influenza viruses since the beginning of the 18th century. Three types of influenza viruses exist: A, B and C. Influenza B is a strain of influenza virus with the ability to cause severe epidemics. Although influenza A and B have similar structure, genome organization, and epidemiology, they have several important differences which imply that their evolutionary dynamics differ. Unlike influenza A viruses, influenza B viruses almost exclusively affect humans.…
The recombinant hepatitis B vaccine is produced from genetically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a yeast. The vaccine is noninfectious, and it contains hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (Keating & Noble, 2003). The first recombinant hepatitis B vaccine, Recombivax HB, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1983, followed by Engerix-B in 1989 (Hepatitis B Vaccine Safety, n.d.). safety. The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) is one way that the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) monitors the safety of vaccinations.…
Cirrhosis: A Scarring Disease of the Liver Cirrhosis is a progressive disease, it gradually develops over numerous years, in anticipation of stopping liver function. Muir’s (2015) stated “Cirrhosis is a form of chronic liver disease (CLD) resulting from sustained liver damage from several causes, including viral infection, autoimmune disorders, cholesteric and metabolic disease (e.g., nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases [NAFLD]), or heavy alcohol use” (p. 1822). The liver is the largest solid organ in the human body and is essential for fighting infections and filtering blood. Cirrhosis has become a major public health concern not only in the United States, but all over the world. In fact, in an article titled, Understanding the Complexities of Cirrhosis (2015), Muir states, “In 2010, it was the 12th leading cause of mortality worldwide, responsible for 1 million deaths” (p. 1822).…
Hepatitis actually means “inflammation of the liver,” because it does just that. Hepatitis targets the liver. Let's go into some detail about the liver. The liver has two main parts: the left lobe and the right lobe. They are a red brown color and is the heaviest organ in a human body(average weight is around three pounds).…
Everyday people contract this harmful virus known as, Hepatitis. Hepatitis is a disease characterized by inflammation of the liver. There are five types of hepatitis; A, B, C, D, and E. Types B and C lead to chronic disease in hundreds of millions of people and, together, are the most common cause of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Hepatitis A and E are typically caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water. Hepatitis B, C, and D usually occur as a result of parenteral contact with infected body fluids.…