First Nations and Higher Education: The Four R’s—Respect, Relevance, Reciprocity, Responsibility by Verna J. Kirkness and Ray Barndardt highlights the long-standing struggles and lack of representation of First Nations students in universities and colleges in the United States and Canada. The authors point out how we view this from an institutional perspective. Looking at it from this viewpoint means that the students get labelled with terms like “low achievement, poor retention, weak persistence” rather than considering how the institution might have failed the student. By switching the perspective, we can analysis our traditional ideas around our higher educational systems. Our high education systems need to respect Aboriginals and their
