The Fog Of War Summary

Improved Essays
Robert McNamara, philosopher and former Secretary of Defense under the Kennedy and Johnson administrations, discusses the political and ethical lessons he learned during his career. Of the eleven lessons he cites in the video, “The Fog of War”, two lessons will be examined as they apply to the war in Afghanistan. Lesson #1: Empathize with the enemy and Lesson #8: Be prepared to re-examine your reasoning, are lessons that if applied, to the war in Afghanistan, would positively influence the outcome intended by the allied forces. As McNamara states in the video, there will be no learning period with nuclear weapons. A single mistake will lead to a major catastrophe. According to McNamara, Empathizing with the enemy means that we must try to …show more content…
is the most powerful nation on the globe, the policy makers should not misuse their power. If the correctness of policy strategy is coming into question, than we should rethink our reasons on what the nation is doing. In the article, “The Fog of War in Afghanistan”, Gaven Esler, interviews US General David Petraeus who said that the Afghan war is “not a war of choice”. He was repeating a line used by President Barak Obama and many others. According to this thinking, there had to be a war and NATO forces needed to be in Afghanistan to keep terrorists off our streets. This claim is refuted in the article and in fact the opposite perspective is suggested: our presence there increased the threat of terrorism here. According to WikiLeaks files, released in 2010, the data shows that the strength and activtity of the Taliban had grown over the six-year time period since the war began and the violence and Taliban presence has spread through Afghan provinces. This data suggests that the war, which initially was based on an outcome of dismantling al-Qaeda and taking control out of the hands of the Taliban was in fact having the opposite effect and increased the power and strength of the Taliban. Matt Waldman suggests that [The surge] was able to hurt the ranks of the Taliban, but not the overall movement because the lifeblood of the Taliban is

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    ”11 Military engagements are a part of total US strategy, and total victory is not always necessary to achieve the desired strategic outcomes. The military remains a vital part of overall US national strategy, and should be carefully used to meet strategy objectives. Success or failure should be measured against the achievement of overall campaign objectives from a whole-of-government perspective concerning the current conflict. Success or failure should not be measured against World War II.…

    • 803 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    As Kennedy and his managerial “whiz kids” took office, they challenged traditionally accepted policies and sought a wider range of diplomatic options. Significantly impacted by crises in both Berlin and Cuba, Kennedy and his acolytes deplored the dearth of Eisenhower’s military force alternatives. Very little diplomatic maneuvering room existed within massive retaliation’s “all or nothing construct.” Among Kennedy’s criticisms, Eisenhower’s nuclear policy rested upon the flawed fundamental premise that a thermonuclear war was winnable. After staring down the barrel of Armageddon, many in the administration, particularly Defense Secretary McNamara, came to agree with Eisenhower’s personally held belief deeming the offensive use of nuclear…

    • 882 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In laying the blame for all that went wrong in Iraq and Afghanistan at the feet of our senior military officers, he lets our political leadership and the other departments of the government mainly off the hook. While he discusses the drawbacks of counterinsurgency, saying the American military is not built for it and questioning the American public’s ability to stomach it, he fails to take successive Secretaries of Defense to task for their part in not asking the hard questions of their senior military advisors and of a lack of clear whole of government strategy in prosecuting the conflicts. He does not question the decisions, strategic guidance, or policy making timelines of both the Bush and Obama administrations. While this book adds to the scholarship on the conflicts since the attacks of September 11, 2001, it is not a complete history nor analysis of why the conflicts ended, in Bolger’s words, as “two lost campaigns and a war gone awry”…

    • 813 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Dick Couch writes a thought-provoking book, A Tactical Ethic: Moral Conduct in the Insurgent Battlespace, which details a growing problem in the United States military, i.e. maintaining ethical and moral behavior on and off-duty. His supporting arguments are society emphasizes behavior not conducive to promoting positive ethical behavior, malignant personalities in the ranks spreading negative behavior, and the ambiguity of the asymmetric warfare fought today. He provides anecdotal evidence supporting the US military’s methodology to combat these trends. However, his true strength lies in the combat stories of ethical dilemmas related to him through soldiers serving in the Iraq and Afghanistan wars and advice given for junior officers and…

    • 1639 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    “The opinions that are held with passion are always those for which no good ground exists; indeed the passion is the measure of the holder’s lack of rational conviction. Opinions in politics and religion are almost always held passionately.” ―Bertrand Russell, Sceptical Essays Dr. Dominic Tierney’s recent article, “Why Has America Stopped Winning Wars” argues that since WWII, America’s war record is one win (Desert Storm) and four losses (Korea, Vietnam, Afghanistan, and Iraq). United States’ leaders and key stakeholders often turn to academics like Dr. Dominic Tierney, PhD, Oxford, post-doctoral fellow, Ohio State University and Harvard. Dr. Tierney seemingly provides an expert-based and useful argument on America’s use of military power.…

    • 734 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Revolution Vs Rebellion

    • 2243 Words
    • 9 Pages

    We should not lie on our backs and take these kicks. However, we cannot simply rush into a war blinded by our own rage. In addition, I by no means wish to insult Mr. Henry, but as he said so himself, “different men often see the same subject in different lights.”…

    • 2243 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    For his skilled work, McMaster received the New York Military Affairs Symposium’s 1997 Award for Outstanding Book on Military History. As the subtitle suggests, the focus of the book revolves around President Johnson, Secretary of Defense McNamara, and the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS). Contrary to popular belief that the United States was drawn into the war to contain the spread of communism, McMaster argues that the Americanization of Vietnam was the result of Johnson’s insecurity, McNamara’s flawed plan of ‘graduated pressure’, and the JCS’s failure to challenge the strategy and provide sound military…

    • 1028 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Over the years, we have had forty-three presidents who varied in age, political views and race. Each of these president’s had their own ideas and view points on different subjects, one being when should the United States go to war. Is it important to be seen as powerful country, or more important to save the country’s resources? Many citizens put their trust into the president’s and those who make these decisions, to make our country safe and have those fighting for our country, come home safely. Although each president has had different viewpoints, there may not be a definite clear answer on when the United States should put themselves into international conflicts.…

    • 890 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Great Essays

    This article discusses the under evaluation of the effects of war carried out by the United States military. Although there is much debate about foreign policy, there isn’t must justification for our nation’s wars. As the Iraq war grew unpopular, the analytical focus shifted deficiencies in intelligence analysis, war-planning, and counterinsurgency doctrine. There is not much focus on the theories of democratization, energy security, non-proliferation, and of failed states justifying the war and occupation. As the studies are focused on being cost efficient, recent U.S. wars proven that overthrowing dictators ruling over fractious organizations might cause lasting conflicts rather than stability, let alone liberal democracy.…

    • 1245 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The United States was forced to return to the strategy of containment. The Soviet Union’s support of socialism in Third World countries was a concern for the United States. The era of détente was over, and was replaced with fear and suspicion that had existed during the height of the Cold War. The primary economic motivation for United States involvement in Afghanistan stemmed from oil.…

    • 1035 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Aggressive Drone Warfare

    • 1948 Words
    • 8 Pages

    “It was clear from early in his administration that President Obama would approach Afghanistan differently from his predecessor”(Hendrickson 2015). The Obama administration had began developing strategies that implemented technology through the use of drone warfare early in his first term. The “War on Terror” in Afghanistan was changing drastically now due to the increased use of drones which led to a major “dissociation…

    • 1948 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Cost Of Overreaction

    • 997 Words
    • 4 Pages

    called for the reduction of troop presence in Iraq, which could be found as deceiving. This is due to the fact that many people believed that the Bush Administration was more focused on restructuring Iraq than Afghanistan. This claim is backed up on page 17, where Dobbins refers to the underestimations that the United States government gave, in saying that the Afghani reconstruction would be almost self-financing. The shocking part about this is the fact that the Bush Administration ignored pleas by the UN, and Afghan to extend a security umbrella unto the Afhan people. The U.S. replied by saying that the security should be strictly left up to Afghanistan, who at the time had no military or police…

    • 997 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    McNamara, was a truthful documentary of Mr. McNamara’s beliefs and actions that spanned over nearly 20 years. Again, I found this documentary to be truthful and honest for a number of reasons. First, Mr. McNamara’s 11 lessons were derived through his first-hand experiences. Second, thanks to to audio recordings of Mr. McNamara, he was not able to alter his opinions or beliefs of the past, but only use them to add commentary to his opinion and to provide hindsight. Third, Mr. McNamara’s realization and acceptance of his errors showed that he was empathizing with himself from the…

    • 954 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In this case, Proportionality of war, according to McNamara, refers to the comparison of level of damage that had been inflicted on a country and the how much of enemy’s goal has been achieved. He suggests that if the goal of the war has been accomplished, there is no need to further hurt the other nation and its people. In the film, McNamara strongly criticize LeMay’s decision of burning 100,000 people to death when it was evident that Japan was on the brink of defeat . What McNamara had learned from the cruelty of United States foreign policy matches with liberalists’ point of view that expansion of democracy can be achieved through use of military power , and long-term peace can be achieved if the states work cooperatively( 21). He had learned that stopping the bombing would have helped Japan and United States to work together even more effectively on further developing good relationship.…

    • 1285 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Many people would agree with this perspective, the intervention of military in international affairs is justified by a country’s national interest and calculations. Alternatively, some may…

    • 1470 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays