During the Second World War there were two major movements in The Netherlands, the Nazi movement by the NSB (Nationaal Socialistische Beweging) and the Resistance movement. The NSB was a Fascist party and was often referred to as the Nazi party of The Netherlands, it was established in 1931 by Anton Adriaan Mussert, a Dutch Nationalist. By 1936 the Party had gained eight percent of the election votes(Vashem). When Germany occupied The Netherlands in 1940 (Delpher 1940). Many of the NSB supporters and leaders hoped to gain a ranking position in the German Reich, and many supported the idea of annexing The Netherlands to the Reich (Vashem). While the NSB was established before the war, the Resistance movement began around 1940. During the bombing
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The resistance had a wide range of actions they took against the Germans, they would bring food to oppressed people, hide them, and forge documents such as ration books (Kempers 2003). They kept themselves secret by creating underground societies that the Germans did not know about and communicated orally so that no documents could be found by Germans. There were several groups of Dutch resistors these included Dutch royalists/nationalists, former military, students, and socialists/communists. Each of these groups of resisters were part of different movements. The two major movements by the Dutch Resistance were the non-violence movement and the violent movement (Nationaal Comite). The non-violence movement involved the underground press, which was a newspaper distributed to Dutch citizens to spread the word about anti-nazism. the movement also involved forging documents and stealing food stamps, swell as sabotage and espionage (Nationaal Comite). Resistance members would take on jobs within the government so that they could gain intelligence. This also allowed them to steal important documents, or reproduce documents such as ration books, to give to pressed people. The most well known aspect of the non-violence movement was the hiding of oppressed people(ornzat 2001). Resistance members would hide Jews, Dutch oppressed people (known as onderduikers), and allied pilots and soldiers. The violent movement was executed primarily through “knokploegen”, groups that would raid German offices as a means to obtain ration books instead of reproducing them. This was often done to ensure that ration books would be identical to the ones issued by the government instead of taking the risk pop reproducing them and creating a mistake. The knokploegen were also responsible for killing both
The resistance had a wide range of actions they took against the Germans, they would bring food to oppressed people, hide them, and forge documents such as ration books (Kempers 2003). They kept themselves secret by creating underground societies that the Germans did not know about and communicated orally so that no documents could be found by Germans. There were several groups of Dutch resistors these included Dutch royalists/nationalists, former military, students, and socialists/communists. Each of these groups of resisters were part of different movements. The two major movements by the Dutch Resistance were the non-violence movement and the violent movement (Nationaal Comite). The non-violence movement involved the underground press, which was a newspaper distributed to Dutch citizens to spread the word about anti-nazism. the movement also involved forging documents and stealing food stamps, swell as sabotage and espionage (Nationaal Comite). Resistance members would take on jobs within the government so that they could gain intelligence. This also allowed them to steal important documents, or reproduce documents such as ration books, to give to pressed people. The most well known aspect of the non-violence movement was the hiding of oppressed people(ornzat 2001). Resistance members would hide Jews, Dutch oppressed people (known as onderduikers), and allied pilots and soldiers. The violent movement was executed primarily through “knokploegen”, groups that would raid German offices as a means to obtain ration books instead of reproducing them. This was often done to ensure that ration books would be identical to the ones issued by the government instead of taking the risk pop reproducing them and creating a mistake. The knokploegen were also responsible for killing both