We studied the effect of household milk market participation on intra-household time allocation in rural Ethiopia, by observing 156 households --78 milk market participating and 78 non-participating -- for two consecutive days. In this way we aimed to find out how a change in dairy farming production and marketing system affects adult household member`s time allocation regarding dairying and non-dairying activities. Our findings show that members of milk market participant households allocate significantly more hours on dairying and non-dairying activities compared to members of non-participant households. Women`s dairying and domestic work time increased more than men`s dairying and wage work time. The extra time spent on dairying activities
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However, they are also consistent with findings for other African countries (Njuki et al., 2011) that income control shifts from women to men as household’s market integration increase. This might have negative implications for household welfare given that income in the hands of women improves the development outcome of household members more than income in the hands of men (Goyal, 2007; Kabeer, 1999; Seebens, 2011). Given the expansion of the milk market in the area, driven by urbanization and economic development of the country, the shift towards market oriented dairy production in the area, including the increase in (women’s) workload can be expected to continue in the coming …show more content…
There are substantial differences in overall household time allocation and time allocated to dairying, as well as important gender differences, between the two household types. Members of market participant households allocate significantly more hours on both dairying and non-dairying activities than members of non-participant households. At the individual level, wives spent twice as much time as husbands and adult girls spent twice as much time as adult boys on intra-household activities. For wives and adult girls, the extra time spent on dairying activities is added to their domestic responsibilities. There is also some shift in the gender division of labor: with the commercialization of milk production Ethiopian men start to take part in activities that in the traditional dairying system belonged to the women`s
However, they are also consistent with findings for other African countries (Njuki et al., 2011) that income control shifts from women to men as household’s market integration increase. This might have negative implications for household welfare given that income in the hands of women improves the development outcome of household members more than income in the hands of men (Goyal, 2007; Kabeer, 1999; Seebens, 2011). Given the expansion of the milk market in the area, driven by urbanization and economic development of the country, the shift towards market oriented dairy production in the area, including the increase in (women’s) workload can be expected to continue in the coming …show more content…
There are substantial differences in overall household time allocation and time allocated to dairying, as well as important gender differences, between the two household types. Members of market participant households allocate significantly more hours on both dairying and non-dairying activities than members of non-participant households. At the individual level, wives spent twice as much time as husbands and adult girls spent twice as much time as adult boys on intra-household activities. For wives and adult girls, the extra time spent on dairying activities is added to their domestic responsibilities. There is also some shift in the gender division of labor: with the commercialization of milk production Ethiopian men start to take part in activities that in the traditional dairying system belonged to the women`s