Importance Of CT Scanner

Improved Essays
The CT scanner Depends upon several steps:-
1-The x-ray tube and detector transverse (scan) the object.
2-The radiation beam passes through the object and is attenuated. The intensity of radiation beam from x- ray tube and transmitted beam both are detected by suitable detectors.
3-The transmitted beam and the references beam are both converted into electric signals.
4-These output current signals are then converted into digital form by analog –to-digital converter.
5-The digital data are then normalized and the logarithms calculated to generate relative transmission values :
Relative transmission values =log I0/I.
6-The relative transmission values are sent to the computer, which uses suitable programs to reconstruct cross sections
…show more content…
X-ray is an electromagnetic waveform, with a wavelength ranging from few Pico-meters to a few nanometers, with its photon energy being proportional to its frequency (Ε = hν = hc/λ). Therefore, making X-rays with shorter wavelength possess a higher energy than longer wavelengths. . X-ray photons are produced when high-speed electrons bombard a substance, as it interacts with the target, having different types of collisions. Small energy transfers from a high-speed electron to electrons that are knocked out of the atoms in the majority of these encounters. Leading to ionization of the object atoms, this type of interaction does not produce x-rays, but gives rise to delta rays and eventually heat. For a standard x-ray tube, over 99% of the input energy is converted to heat. (Hsieh, 2009). The X-ray structure consists of an x-ray generator, x-ray tube, x-ray beam filter, and …show more content…
As an x-ray beam penetrates through the examined object/patient to be examined, and be attenuated at varying extents; each local absorbtion then would measured with the detector array. (In a special CT acquisition protocol, the spiral measurement process, the X-ray tube is continuously rotated, with the examination table being moved lin- early through the measuring field. This scan process produces data that take a spi- ral or helical path. This method offers the possibility of computing any number of slices retrospectively, so that an accurate three-dimensional rendering can be ex- pected. To allow this acquisition technique, a slip ring transfer system has been de- veloped. In such a system, power supply to the X-ray tube and signal transfer from the detector system is guaranteed, even though the imaging system continuously

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    How Did Radiation Change

    • 885 Words
    • 4 Pages

    X-rays cause bones and other structures to cast shadows due to them being denser than skin. This allows doctors and dentists alike to spot broken bones and dental problems. X-rays and other forms of radiation have a variety of uses in therapy. They are often used to kill cancerous tissues, reduce the size of a tumor, or reduce pain. For example, “radioactive iodine (specifically iodine 131) is frequently used to treat thyroid cancer, a disease that strikes about 11,000 Americans every day.…

    • 885 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Gravitational Waves

    • 3843 Words
    • 16 Pages

    GRAVITATIONAL WAVES, HOW CLOSE ARE WE? PHSCS 222 Collective Paper November 23, 1999 #123 #272 #666 #895 The Detection of Gravitational Waves, How Close Are We? Since the realization that the general theory of relativity predicts gravitational waves, there have been attempts to actually detect these waves. Indirect observations have been made that support their existence but no direct measurement.…

    • 3843 Words
    • 16 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Most people understand that fetuses are extremely fragile and should not be exposed to ionizing radiation; thus, health care providers utilize ultrasound for prenatal imaging. But how safe is ultrasound imaging? Is it safe enough to warrant a fetus’s exposure? Sonography is a safe choice for prenatal imaging, but there are some suspected risks involved. However, the benefits outweigh those risks as long as scans are completed appropriately, especially when it comes to the 3­D and 4­D ultrasounds.…

    • 1164 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Students had session with clinical radiologists who will expose them on X-rays, Ultrasound, MRIs, CT, and 3D imaging. The 3D imaging is still new in the field and still developing. Raw data are obtained from CT or MRI images, and these are then sent for filtration to remove unwanted structure via software such as AMIRA or 3D slicer. The resulting 3D generated structure can be viewed or further edited to form animation or integrate it in an application which can be computer or web based. One of the main example is the 3D rendered structure from imaging is the Visible Human…

    • 866 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    We all have seen the cartoon show called, “The Simpsons.” We all know the character named Homer Simpson, who works at the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant. His job place always dealing with radiation around him and his co-workers. But we don’t know deep details about radiation. Let’s start by talking about the thermal radiation.…

    • 733 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Nt1310 Unit 9 Lab Report

    • 1032 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Rebecca McKenney Astronomy 101 Mrs. Alburg 25 March 2017 Chapter 2 Review Questions 1. For each of the following wavelength, state whether it is in the radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-Ray, or gamma portion of the electromagnetic spectrum and explain your answer. (Page 37 – 38) Original Number Nanometer (nm) Micrometer (μm) Millimeter (mm) Centimeter (cm) Meter (m) Kilometers (km) Angstrom (Å) 2.6 μm 2,600 2.6 0.0026 0.00026 0.0000026 0.0000000000026 26,000 34 m 34,000,000,000 34,000,000 34,000 3,400 34 0.034 340,000,000,000 0.54 nm 0.54 0.00054 0.00000054 0.000000054 0.00000000054 0.00000000000054 5.4 0.0032 nm 0.0032 0.0000032 0.0000000032 0.00000000032 0.0000000000032 0.0000000000000032 0.032 0.620 μm 0.62 0.62 0.00062 0.000062 0.00000062 0.00000000000062 6200…

    • 1032 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Decent Essays

    Ceramic Lens

    • 223 Words
    • 1 Pages

    According to David Richardson, author of Modern Ceramic Engineering, ceramics have been used for medical diagnoses for several years. Most petri dishes, test tubes, and microscopic lenses are created from ceramic glass and plastics. Computed Tomography, or CT, scans use ceramic scintillators to detect the presence of x-rays which have passed through the body, and project an image onto a computer, giving doctors an inside look into a patient’s body. Endoscopes and Ultrasound machines also make use of ceramic material to provide doctors with inside looks into the human body through non-invasive means. In endoscopic surgeries, a flexible tube filled with ceramic optical fibers and a ceramic lens, known as an endoscope, is inserted into to small…

    • 223 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The Heartland Cancer Center is an outpatient health care facility located in a convenient community setting. We offer external beam radiation therapy services using the most advanced equipment and techniques for both cancerous and benign conditions. External beam (NCI, 2015) radiation therapy involves delivering a high-energy x-ray beam produced by a linear accelerator. The beam is a patient specific customized treatment field that takes into account the size and shape of the tumor. By customizing the treatment field allows us to better spare normal surrounding tissue and organs.…

    • 761 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The definition of honor is to regard with great respect and high esteem. My view of honor is respectfulness towards others, and putting others before you. I believe that an honorable person is Ernest Rutherford because of his important scientific contributions in the early 20th Century. Some of the things he did in order to become such an honorable person was by receiving the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908, and being knighted in 1914 (Ernest Rutherford).…

    • 611 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    Laparoscopic assisted colon endorectal pull-through Overview: Laparoscopic assisted endorectal pull-through colon is minimally invasive surgery for Hirschsprung's disease; the part of the colon that does not have nerve cells is pulled through the anal canal and cut away, while the healthy end is sutured to the rectum. In addition to anal, surgical instruments, and a narrow lighted instrument with a video camera at the end (laparoscope) is inserted into the abdomen through four holes to mobilize the colon. Also known as • Colon repositioning • Laparoscopic assisted endorectal colon primary pull-through • Laparoscopic surgery causes: The main cause of these diseases are • Hirschsprung's disease • Bowel obstruction • congenital aganglionosis Diagnosis:…

    • 481 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Risks and Benefits of Diagnostic X-rays General Purpose: To inform. Specific Purpose: After hearing my speech, my audience will know more about the risks and benefits associated with diagnostic x-rays. Thesis: Medical benefits of diagnostic x-rays outweigh any slight risks. Introduction…

    • 993 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Fluoroscopy

    • 680 Words
    • 3 Pages

    The operator uses the control console to set imaging parameters. The intensity of the x rays is controlled with the milliamperage setting and the energy and intensity of the x rays are controlled with the peak kilovoltage setting. All images displayed on the screen can be saved to a disk, video disk, compact disk, or tape. Fluoroscopy procedures are design to help diagnose disease or to guide doctors during treatment procedures.…

    • 680 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    II INTRODUCTION The purpose of this lab was to demonstrate and observe the effect a large focal spot and a small focal spot will have on the resolution of the image. Chapter 3 of Practical Radiographic Imaging states that resolution is “the ability to distinguish two adjacent details as being separate and distinct from each other” (Carrol, 2007, p. 48). This definition of resolution helps to explain what will be looking for to retrieve the data for this lab. As stated in Chapter 16 of Practical Radiographic Imaging, the focal spot is defined as “the area on the x-ray tube anode which x-rays are emitted from, as seen from the viewpoint of the film” and this area can be determined by “the width of the beam of electrons striking the anode and by the bevel or angle of the surface of the anode where the electrons impact” (Carrol, 2007, p. 239).…

    • 1483 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Many people are concerned about the dangers that cell phones pose, and they are told that keeping it a greater distance from their heads and using devices such as headphones can diminish much of the radiation; all of which is true. Unfortunately, since the technology industry has made the invention of wireless headphones, if people use their cell phones in conjunction with these devices, the radiation dosage can be even greater than normal. Using Bluetooth, the main type of wireless communication between devices, can have just as much electromagnetic radiation as talking on the phone. One team realized this and began to test the power density rating and the specific absorption rate (SAR), both of which measure radiation dosages. This team…

    • 1625 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    X-rays can be used for many purposes like safety or even as a separation technique, but it is mostly known as a way for doctors or dentists to inspect a human body without having to undergo surgery. A few medical examples of the uses of x-rays can be finding broken bones, cracks in your teeth and other abnormalities (bullets, blood clots, cancer, tumors, swallowed items, infections, kidney stones, etc) in the body without having to go through surgery. It is typical for the human body to break a bone or to catch some unwanted disease and x-rays does the job in finding them out. X-rays are typically known to have the second most energy in the electromagnetic spectrum, but nowadays, the wavelengths and energy of an x-ray can be adjusted by the x-ray machine.…

    • 644 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays