The constitution 's 13th amendment, ratified in 1865, abolished slavery in the United States, but provided an exception in cases where persons have been 'duly convicted ' in the United States and territory it controls, which states that slavery or involuntary servitude can be reimposed as a punishment.
African Americans as a whole make up 13.6 percent of the entire U.S. population, but black men reportedly make up 40.2 percent of all prison inmates. There are more African American men in prison and jail, or on probation and parole, than were slaves before the start of the Civil War (Alexander, 2010). The amendment and the stats are no coincidence it is intentional and deliberate in 2002, blacks constituted more than 80% of the people sentenced …show more content…
The act was first performed in 1828 and was adapted as the official name to be used for laws that would degrade, exclude and disenfranchise African Americans for most of the 20th century. When Thomas Dartmouth (“Daddy”) Rice the author of “Jump Jim Crow” first performed it I am sure he did not anticipate the profound effect that he would have on American history (Editors of Encyclopaedia Britanica, 2014). During the Jim Crow ere there were separate restrooms, restaurants, buses and drinking fountains for whites and blacks, and public places such as schools, buses and restaurants were also segregated. From the 1880’s through the 1960’s the racial caste system in this country not only separated and segregated it basically shaped the economic, educational and social disadvantages that African Americans face …show more content…
Many law agencies participate in numerous bias tactics in order to make as many arrest as possible. In the state of New York where I am from, the NYPD caught a lot of criticism for the stop & frisk policy which allowed them to randomly stop anyone at any time and search them with none or little probable cause. Racial profiling became something practiced across the board with many law enforcement agencies. Drugs, especially cocaine played a huge part in the incarceration of many African American men. In the 80’s cocaine in its powdered form was very expensive and mainly purchased by those who could afford it, but if arrested with it, you could in most severe cases get sent to rehab or some sort of drug counseling. On the other hand if you were found in possession of the cheaper crack which was mostly purchased by the less fortunate you could be charged with a felony and sentenced to long prison terms. Crack cocaine was an epidemic in the poor communities of this country, the fact that the penalty for anyone caught with it was so harsh is no surprise when you look at who was being arrested and the amount of arrest being
African Americans as a whole make up 13.6 percent of the entire U.S. population, but black men reportedly make up 40.2 percent of all prison inmates. There are more African American men in prison and jail, or on probation and parole, than were slaves before the start of the Civil War (Alexander, 2010). The amendment and the stats are no coincidence it is intentional and deliberate in 2002, blacks constituted more than 80% of the people sentenced …show more content…
The act was first performed in 1828 and was adapted as the official name to be used for laws that would degrade, exclude and disenfranchise African Americans for most of the 20th century. When Thomas Dartmouth (“Daddy”) Rice the author of “Jump Jim Crow” first performed it I am sure he did not anticipate the profound effect that he would have on American history (Editors of Encyclopaedia Britanica, 2014). During the Jim Crow ere there were separate restrooms, restaurants, buses and drinking fountains for whites and blacks, and public places such as schools, buses and restaurants were also segregated. From the 1880’s through the 1960’s the racial caste system in this country not only separated and segregated it basically shaped the economic, educational and social disadvantages that African Americans face …show more content…
Many law agencies participate in numerous bias tactics in order to make as many arrest as possible. In the state of New York where I am from, the NYPD caught a lot of criticism for the stop & frisk policy which allowed them to randomly stop anyone at any time and search them with none or little probable cause. Racial profiling became something practiced across the board with many law enforcement agencies. Drugs, especially cocaine played a huge part in the incarceration of many African American men. In the 80’s cocaine in its powdered form was very expensive and mainly purchased by those who could afford it, but if arrested with it, you could in most severe cases get sent to rehab or some sort of drug counseling. On the other hand if you were found in possession of the cheaper crack which was mostly purchased by the less fortunate you could be charged with a felony and sentenced to long prison terms. Crack cocaine was an epidemic in the poor communities of this country, the fact that the penalty for anyone caught with it was so harsh is no surprise when you look at who was being arrested and the amount of arrest being