The Cognitive Theory Of Carl Rogers And Social Learning Theory

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Carl Rogers believed our personality developed through the self concept. He believed that people are motivated by an innate tendency to actualize, maintain and enhance the self (Allen, 2006, p.208). This was mainly done by allowing oneself to be open to new experiences. Rogers believed people had two basic needs which were positive regard from other people and self worth. Positive regard is the experience one receives when making a positive difference in someone else’s life and receiving positive feedback. This would allow an individual to develop values based on their own experiences. A person’s ideal self sometimes may not follow what they actually experienced and this can cause a difference in the ideal self and experiences known as incongruence. …show more content…
These forces were personal factors, behavior, and the external environment which all have influences on one another (Allen, 2006, p.302). Bandura did not believe we developed through stages which is why he developed the social cognitive theory of observational learning. He believed we developed our personality based on social learning and what humans learned through observing others actions, behaviors, and outcomes. Banduras’ theory shows that an individuals behavior is not developed by the environment but instead what we come in contact with and over time by our experiences. What happens and what we see every day, directly contributes to how we develop. Self efficacy is a concept used to help describe Banduras’ theory and is directly related to human’s motivation that influence action which then can affect one’s life. Self efficacy is properly termed as a belief concerning one’s ability to perform behaviors yielding a desirable outcome (Allen, 2006, p.308). It has influence over people’s ability to learn something new, their motivation and performance since people only try to learn and perform tasks that they believe they will be successful …show more content…
B.F. Skinner believed that all behaviors could be developed by environmental factors such as positive or negative reinforcements or punishments. Carl Rogers believed in self concept and that personality is dependent on an individual’s choice and free will. Albert Bandura believed our personality is shaped through observational learning as well as our beliefs, expectations, and values, not just reward and punishment. He believed people learn by watching what other people do and then copying their behavior, which is known as modeling. When comparing Bandura and Skinner we see that they both focused on behavior as a result of learning from environmental stimuli. However, Bandura also focused on personal factors unlike Skinner who believed behavior was shaped by consequences. Another difference was, Skinner believed learning was a step by step process while Bandura believed learning took place all at once. As stated before, these psychologists all had different approaches towards explaining their personality theories and all had different

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