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Instead of farming the European settlers exploited the sea and land resources for sea otter, beaver, salmon and timber and spars. Therefore, the environment determined the type of human occupation and economic activity that could occur within a region not preferences of the settlers. For example, settlers would like to have farmlands like those of Ontario and Quebec; however, British Columbia did not have land suitable for agriculture, which led to the development of fishing, lumber and mining industries that exist today. Therefore, the environmental determinants were an important factor that influenced the development of the British Columbia Frontier. Additionally, the British tried to counter American influences in British Columbia, which influenced the nature of political society. In 1849, Vancouver Island was established as a British colony to counter the threat of American settlement and encourage little settlement on Vancouver Island. Furthermore, the Hudson’s Bay Company was given the task of developing a colony with strict regulation. However, the author claims that it was the mountainous,