The Bracero program ended in 1964 and in 1965 the Hart-Celler Act was passed and signed by the Johnson administration. The act for the first time in US history created a quota system for the Western Hemisphere with a limit of 120,000. More importantly, the act lacked a guest worker program. US farms still needed workers and Mexican labors continued to migrate north, although this time illegally. Figure 3 shows a massive spike in unauthorized migration into the United States beginning in 1965, the same year as the Hart-Celler Act.
The Bracero Program established the reliance the agricultural industry had on Mexican laborers. The Hart-Celler Act push laborers from temporary guest workers to many become undocumented laborers. The laborers who
The Bracero Program established the reliance the agricultural industry had on Mexican laborers. The Hart-Celler Act push laborers from temporary guest workers to many become undocumented laborers. The laborers who