Pre-Columbian Period Pre-Columbian Colombia, was host to a broad range of indigenous peoples, with a population size ranging from 850,000 to four million – according to historian estimates. Additionally, these indigenous populations had varying levels of civilization: on one end of the spectrum, there existed hunter-gatherer groups living in the tropical rain forest, and on the other advanced groups such as the Tairona and Muisca, living at high altitudes. In between, there were several organized indigenous groups called chiefdoms, that were frequently at war with each other and supposedly practiced cannibalism. The Tairona, one of the two more advanced civilized groups, inhabited the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and had complex societies, with chiefdom hierarchies, stone road systems, advanced agricultural (composed of irrigational and terrace systems), well established trading systems, and artifact production.…
Sanders reveals the political power that Afro-Colombians weilded during the nineteenth century. Because “Elite Liberals in Cauca were desperate for allies in their struggle against the Conservatives,” they turned towards the Afro-Colombian race in order to garner political influence (Sanders, 182). Similar to Bolivar, in order to pursue their interests, the Elite liberals of Cauca enticed Afro-Colombians with the opportunity to gain their freedom. With this new opportunity to participate in politics, the Afro-Colombians used the Liberal party to also pursue their interests. Through participation in Democratic societies and polls, Afro-Colombians were able to fight for economic and social rights, but most importantly their freedom.…
Book Synopsis Per Stalzer (2004) , he began life in the ethnically isolated town of Gottschee. Gottschee was once part of the Austrian empire, but 600 years later it was an island of Catholic Germans in the middle of Slovenia during the rise of the Third Reich. After a gradual emigration of the very educated among the Gottschee, those who remained were forced to assimilate into the Slavic culture.…
There are many myths about the start of the Inca Empire. It is known that the Incas started as a single family tribe around 1200 AD. One religion says that Viracocha created the world and people. When these people started fighting with each other, Viracocha turned them to stone. Later, he returned, created the sun and moon, recreated humans, and spread them across the earth.…
History of the Choctaw Indians of Philadelphia, Mississippi The proud heritage of the Choctaws in Mississippi dates back to the when the Europeans began settling in the 16th century. When the Europeans arrived they found the Choctaw using these principle sources of food: corn, beans, pumpkins, nuts, fruit, fish, bear, and deer. The Choctaw Indians possessed agriculture skills and they were hunter gathers.…
The Ancestral Puebloans is another name for the Anasazi are an ancient Native Americans tribe. The Anasazi lived during approximately 100 AD to 1600 AD periods. Anasazi group grew in the day land of Americans Southwest. They are also referred to the “The Ancient Ones”. In their tribes they had the best trained, skilled members of basketing.…
Bolivia is a beautiful multiethnic and democratic country in the middle of South America. The official capital city of Bolivia is Sucre. Another capital they used is La Paz, located in the west-central part of the country. It is landlocked borders or neighbors with Peru, Chile, Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil. Bolivia is sometimes referred to as the Tibet of Americas.…
The Comanche Indians were once part of the northern Shoshone tribe of Wyoming, but split off from them and migrated to their modern location in the Southern Plains. They were great warriors and did not indulge in religious practices or even use folktales or legends often. The economy was based on their lifestyle which made the Comanches difficult to defeat. With the difficulty to defeat, this made the Comanches one of the earliest groups to have money. The Comanches have a history as being known as “The Expert Riders”, they were one of the first people to get horses from the Europeans at this time.…
In the essence of violent religious conversion, the Pueblo Indians demonstrated their greatest victory against Spanish control. Specifically, spanish missionaries and franciscan friars demolished the Native Americans’ opposing religious symbols in efforts to forcibly convert them to catholicism and potentially invade their land. The reaction to the violent act of conversion is especially reflected in the Declaration of Josephe, “ [...] burned the churches down and shouted in loud voices, “Now the God of the Spaniards, who was their father, is dead, and Santa Maria, who was their mother, and the saints, who were the pieces of rotten wood,” (Voices of Freedom, The Pueblo Revolt, p. 10). The document continues to advise and insist that the Native…
Puerto Ricans: citizens yet foreigners Today Puerto Ricans make up about 2.8 million of the population in America. Versus the island of Puerto Rico itself making up 3.8 million The authors parents came to America with one of the first big waves in 1946. His parents Juan and Florinda arrived at the airport from San Juan. In 1932 his grandfather who was an engineer died of pneumonia. Which consequently spiraled his family into poverty.…
During the growth and colonization of North America, a large number of conflicts occurred because of deep rooted tensions among the colonists. The British Empire imposed the policy of salutary neglect on the North American colonies, and this treatment allowed the colonists to have substantial power in their local governments. The colonists’ self government led to a great political instability. Rebellions and revolts surfaced in colonies all across North America, and the reasons behind the unrest were similar in every case. Tension always existed in the New England colonies for a variety of reasons.…
The Southwest Pueblo Indians were interesting architects. The Pueblo people built their own homes called “Pueblos”, which is how this group got their name. Not every Native American tribe had the exact same type home as another tribe, which is why the pueblos are very unique upper-level homes located in the vast deserts. The pueblos were a lot like what today’s apartment complexes look like. They are multiple-leveled houses made out of adobe brick.…
Racially, in regards to the proportion of the population that is Latino/Hispanic, Fayette County’s population has remained constant, resulting in limited racial diversity (City-Data, 2015). In 2000, the Latino/Hispanic population represented less than 1.0 percent of the county population. Over 96 percent of the population in Fayette County is white. As a whole, Brownsville and Uniontown are the areas with a significant racial diversity. Ultimately, although the Latino/Hispanic population looks small, the population is growing from 2000.…
Even though it has two seasons, the temperature doesn’t fluctuate, summers are warm and so the rest of the year. Venezuela’s climate is normally 79°F and 82°F. It is important to add that even though the countries have many differences, they do share one similarity, which is gastronomy. Both countries have been influenced by European cuisine. Examples of traditional food in Venezuela are pabellon or arepas.…
As Hispanics we either see the United States as a dream or as a nightmare. We thank the United States for the way it has taken care of us financially. Many of us have received many benefits from this country. But, many of us aren’t proud of the way it has been treating us lately. We don’t thank the United States for the way it has mentally and emotionally harmed us.…