The Theme Of Science And Criticism In Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Birthmark

Decent Essays
Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story “The Birthmark” is one of many literary examples of how science becomes top priority over religion, values, and morals. In “The Birthmark” as well as in “Rappaccini’s Daughter”, Hawthorne uses his main characters, who are young, innovative scientists, to represent man’s sole reliance on science, as if it is religion. In the ending of “The Birthmark”, Hawthorne displays how this kind of dependency resulted in the main character’s own downfall due to his own foolishness and unawareness of the consequences of drastically altering or supposedly “improving” nature.
The themes in “The Birthmark” are the foolishness in obsessively striving for human perfection, and science’s unsuccessful effort to control or alter
…show more content…
Georgiana then agrees to the experimentation mainly to please Aylmer, but also because Georgiana starts to dislike the birthmark as well due to the uneasy and negative feelings the birthmark brings through Aylmer’s obsessive actions. Georgiana even tells Aylmer to "remove this dreadful hand or take my wretched life!" (The Norton Introduction to Literature 293). Aylmer begins to use his scientific research and experimentation to radically remove his wife’s imperfection. Aylmer, along with his monster-like lab assistant named Aminadab, later creates a solution, an elixir, and gives it to Georgiana. Aylmer’s scientific experiment appears to work as the birthmark disappears, but it suddenly goes horribly wrong as Georgiana slowly perishes just minutes after taking the …show more content…
“The Birthmark” was Hawthorne’s first fictional literary work after his marriage to Sophia Peabody. It was collected in “Mosses from an Old Manse (1846), a book containing a collection of Hawthorne’s short stories” (Wright, “The Birthmark”). Sarah Wright claims that there is a bit of similarity between Hawthorne and Aylmer. Just like Hawthorne, Aylmer is also a newlywed, in “addition to being a scientist, artist and an art lover” (Wright, “The

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    In Hawthorne’s short story “The Birthmark,” Aylmer is a brilliant yet misguided philosopher who is overly obsessed with his wife Georgiana’s birthmark. The red birthmark is placed on the left side of her face and is shaped like a hand. He begins to strongly hate the birthmark and bluntly tells his wife that it must be removed because the birthmark is her only flaw. Aylmer decides to use her as an experiment to get rid of the birthmark to make her his idea of perfect. Of course with the help from Aylmer’s assistant Aminadad.…

    • 1068 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Flawlessness, the most unattainable thought in which we all pursue to achieve. Many are obsessed with perfection. In our attempts, we utilize compulsiveness as an instrument to impart the most astounding gauges or execution conceivable. This approach to accomplishing our objectives has positive and negative results. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s story The Birthmark, he exposes how Alymer, a neurotic perfectionist (a person who strives for unrealistic goals and is dissatisfied when the task is not achieved), deals with his wife’s flaw.…

    • 792 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote two short stories: “The Birthmark” and “Rappaccini’s Daughter”; which show how nature and science can both be positive and negative. But while they are written by the same author and have the same general message, when looking deeply at the texts, a different theme and narrative can arise. The stories of “The Birthmark”, “Rappaccini’s Daughter”, and the poem “The Tables Turned” show the different facets of the struggle of science versus nature, while emphasizing the pursuit of perfection, examining outside influences, and discovering connections between the two stories. In examining the struggle of science vs. nature, we must first analyze each story by itself, and recognize its relationship.…

    • 2030 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    “The Birth-Mark” by Nathaniel Hawthorne is a short story that carries an important moral. In the story, Aylmer sets out to achieve perfection. He does not consider the consequences of his actions due to the fact that he is too overtaken by reaching ultimate, physical perfection. He is obsessed with his wife’s external appearance to the extent that a small birthmark, considered beautiful by many, deeply bothers him. He wishes to remove it because he believes that it spoils her otherwise perfect beauty.…

    • 999 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    As Aylmer finally attains his wish of making his wife mirror his dreamlike beautiful partner, he then suffers greatly as his wife dies before his eyes. His suffering and his wife’s death are crucial to the delivery of Hawthorne’s message. This death raises questions regardless of its obvious fictitious nature: even though there is no true logic found in the successfulness of Aylmer’s experiment to solidify the perfection in his wife, nor in the fact that she dies after this; it still manages to raise the question: why did Georgiana had to die? Well Georgiana did not have to die. The belief of attainable perfection found that was embedded in her by Aylmer did have to die.…

    • 729 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Nathaniel Hawthorne is well-known as one of the fundamental writers of early American literature. His most famous work, The Scarlet Letter, is a staple in the classroom, and is recognizable by almost anyone. Hawthorne wrote about many things, but one particular theme stands out in a few of his works. Judgement is seen rather often, and Hawthorne seems to have a deeper personal connection to this particular theme, perhaps because of his dark ancestry. Noticeably, judgement appears in his two short stories, Young Goodman Brown and The Birthmark.…

    • 1377 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Weak, domestic, and familial are some of the words women in the nineteenth century were defined as. The societal expectations of wives during the nineteenth century included separate spheres, roles that they had at home, devotion they showed towards their husbands, and education they had. In the short story, “The Birthmark”, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, published in the nineteenth century gives an internal view of roles between women and men. Aylmer a men that craved science experiments, science being the main source for him, science being the one for him, he compared his love for science with the love of Georgiana, his wife. Georgiana a young woman, fancied by many men, and was very beautiful, but she had a charm on her left cheek that was seen…

    • 1283 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Great Essays

    Through her death Hawthorne argues that the pursuit for perfection will ultimately leave one to nothing. His argument is revealed through the concepts that humanity is flawed because they are mortal, science cannot replace God, and perfection ultimately comes with a cost. Topic Sentence 1: One of the most important symbols presented throughout Hawthorne’s short story is Aylmer’s wife, Georgiana’s, birthmark. The birthmark symbolizes multiple things such as humanity’s flaws, insecurities, and weaknesses, which ultimately ends with the the idea of human mortality. Georgiana is a beautiful woman who is desirable by many men, however her hand-shaped birthmark…

    • 1336 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    “The Birth-Mark” by Nathaniel Hawthorne is a story sets itself apart from the many others already read during this semester. Most of the short stories read in this class have had an ironic ending the reader wouldn’t expect. The use of foreshadowing and strange amount of predictability in this short story are what set it apart from others and is what grabbed my attention. Hawthorne uses symbolism that goes even deeper than what can be read in the story itself. Symbolism, foreshadowing, and character build up all tie into the plot, which altogether leads the reader to the overall theme of the story.…

    • 1261 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Romantics were often obsessed with nature and Hawthorne used Aminadab as one way to display nature in the Birthmark. From the first time the reader learns of Aminadab his association with nature reveals itself: “He [Aminadab] seemed to represent man’s physical nature” (402). Aminadab was a strong and physically fit man which can relate to the romantics emphasize on the nature and the common man. In addition, because Aminadab is Aylmer’s assistant, he further depicts elements of romanticism. Romanitics heavily featured science in their works and Aminadab helps to illustrate the importance of science in the Birthmark by being Aylmer’s assistant and helping him to make…

    • 769 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    A Birthmark is Not an Imperfection Try and think of the most perfect person you have ever met. Think of their hair, their beauty, their athletic abilities, their home life, etcetera. All of this is only what you can see at the surface, but there is even more to a person that you cannot see. Everyone has their own story of heartbreak, pain, and times of inadequacy. Nobody is perfect, not even that person who you have been crushing on for months.…

    • 1268 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Aylmer gives to Georgiana a concoction that is meant to remove her birthmark, and while it ultimately does, it kills her in the process. By writing that Aylmer, in his attempt to “[reject] the best the earth could offer]” causes Georgiana’s death, Hawthorne conveys that science has limitations and that trying to play God is dangerous and has its consequences, and in this case, a deathly one (475). After the death of Georgiana, a laugh is heard, presumably Aminadab’s, communicating that religion has prevailed. The hostility towards artificiality presents a backdrop to emphasize the ultimate superiority of spirituality and sovereignty of God, and also shows that religion is meant to be and in fact is more powerful than any man-made creation. From the evidence collected, it can be concluded that by pitting science and religion against each other in the story, Hawthorne is arguing that religion and nature will always have the upper hand over…

    • 1062 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Essay On The Birthmark

    • 531 Words
    • 3 Pages

    THE BIRTHMARK The birthmark, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, follows the story of a scientist named Aylmer who marries the beautiful Georgina. Not long after getting married, Georgiana’s birthmark, which is in the shape of a tiny red hand on her left cheek, really begins to bother Aylmer. One day he asks her if she has ever considered having it removed. This is not something she has considered since other people in her life, especially men, have always seen it as a charm.…

    • 531 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Given these points, Nathaniel Hawthorne explores the fine line between Mother Nature and the obsession with science, and how crossing that line can become detrimental, especially when it is “pursued without a proper respect for human feelings and relationships” (Hawthorne, “The Birth-Mark”). Although Georgiana eventually wanted to go through with the operation, it only for the sake of pleasing her husband. Aylmer went to extreme lengths to remove a…

    • 1002 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Nathaniel Hawthorne's short story The Birthmark features Aylmer, a famed scientist, and Georgiana, a beautiful woman with a unique birthmark. Throughout the story, the couple delves into the world of science as Aylmer devotes himself to removing Georgiana’s birthmark with his experiments. Hawthorne purposely pokes at scientists who envision themselves as godlike, meaning that they can control nature at their will. As the story delves further and further into Aylmer’s madness, the distinction between nature and science is made clear. The Birthmark tells readers that although science can allude humans into taking they can determine fate, at the end of it all, the true destiny of everyone and everything relies on nature.…

    • 852 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays