For the past several decades, the Big Five has been the dominant model used to study normal personality across the life span in trait psychology (Digman, 1990). As is well known, the Big Five personality traits have emerged as an overarching, empirically based framework capturing major between-person differences in personality (John & Srivastava, 1999). The Big Five have been progressively recognized as basic factors of real interpersonal differences (Goldberg, 1981), and the five-factor model has become the leading taxonomy of personality structure (Costa & McCrae, 1992b, 1992c; Digman, 1990; Goldberg, 1990; John, 1990 ). The assessment of Big 5 personality traits is typically performed using self- or other-report instruments such as the Big
