1. Two ways to establish the reliability of a test are test-retest and parallel-forms. Test-retest establishes reliability by having participants retake the same test at different points of time (Salkind, 2012). For example, a 3rd grade English class takes a Fry Words test at the beginning of the school year and retakes the same test at the end of the school year. Test-retest yields the best results when a researcher considers both the length of time between each test and how they intend to use the results. Parallel forms are the second most common form of reliability (Salkind, 2012). Unlike, different versions of the same test are administered to participants. The purpose of parallel forms is to determine whether the correlation of the two sets of test scores are statistically significant or the result of chance (Salkind, 2012).
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The four levels of measurement are, ratio, interval, ordinal, and nominal (Salkind, 2012). An example of nominal levels of measurement are political affiliations. Ordinal levels of measurement describe variables that can be placed in order (Salkind, 2012). College rank a high school GPA are both examples of ordinal levels of measurement. Interval levels of measurement, however, measures the distance between two points (Salkind, 2012). For example, the amount of time it takes to complete a test. Lastly, ratio levels of measurement describe variables that have absolute zeros (Salkind, 2012). For example, age, height, and time.
3. A standardized test is a test, usually compiled by commercial publishers, that has a standard or generic set of instructions and scoring procedures (Salkind, 2012). Standardized tests differ from researcher/teacher-made test because they can be administered to a broader range of people (Salkind, 2012).
4. Three advantages of questionnaires are they can be self-administered, they are relatively inexpensive, and participants are usually more honest due to the anonymity of
The four levels of measurement are, ratio, interval, ordinal, and nominal (Salkind, 2012). An example of nominal levels of measurement are political affiliations. Ordinal levels of measurement describe variables that can be placed in order (Salkind, 2012). College rank a high school GPA are both examples of ordinal levels of measurement. Interval levels of measurement, however, measures the distance between two points (Salkind, 2012). For example, the amount of time it takes to complete a test. Lastly, ratio levels of measurement describe variables that have absolute zeros (Salkind, 2012). For example, age, height, and time.
3. A standardized test is a test, usually compiled by commercial publishers, that has a standard or generic set of instructions and scoring procedures (Salkind, 2012). Standardized tests differ from researcher/teacher-made test because they can be administered to a broader range of people (Salkind, 2012).
4. Three advantages of questionnaires are they can be self-administered, they are relatively inexpensive, and participants are usually more honest due to the anonymity of