Several studies investigated the claim in the DSM that personality disorders (PD) and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) can be defined as enduring and stable patterns of maladaptive traits and behaviors over time and situations (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). In order to address the lack of stability in the definition of BPD, Zanarini et al. (2007) proposed a division of the symptoms of BPD into two groups: acute symptoms and temperamental symptoms. Acute symptoms include recurrent self-mutilation and suicidal behaviors, the tendency to have unstable relationships and problems in managing interpersonal relationships. Temperamental symptoms include affective instability and feelings of loneliness and emptiness, as well as abandonment
