As a background for discussing the effect of attachment orientation, it is necessary to understand the basis of attachment theory. Bowlby (1969) proposed the attachment behavioural system which was seen as the basic theory of attachment study. The attachment system formed in terms of innate biological nature - infants act to enable survival. According to how their caregivers treated them, individuals formed a specific bond to their caregivers with development (Bowlby, 1969). When infants situated in a negative condition suffering from fear, anxiety, and distress, this system will activate for seeking care from caregivers (Simpson and Rholes, 2017). If infants’ seeking is satisfied, the system will turn off as infants go back to the security
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Usually, individuals with secure attachment show a positive view of the self (Bowlby, 1969; Ainsworth, 1989). For example, they believed they are worthy to love, thus they can maintain high self-esteem and keep confidence when they meet the challenges in close relationships (Creasey and Ladd, 2005; Overall, Girme, Lemay and Hammond, 2014). This kind of individuals also holds a positive view of others. They believe that other people had good nature, thus other people’s intentions are usually good (Mikulincer and Shaver, 2005). Mikulincer and Shaver (2005) found that individuals with secure attachment were more likely to remember positive memories. If partner provided positive behaviours, these individuals could express happiness and gratitude naturally and showed more facial expression than individuals with insecure attachment. And for partner’s negative behaviours, although these individuals also expressed anger, they could think partner’s behaviours as a reasonable reaction as well. Thus they showed reasonable control and regulation to the self’s negative emotion. Meanwhile, individuals with secure attachment kept positive view to get experience and conclusion from interaction between the self and others. This experience and conclusion could be used for repairing relationship in the future (Mikulincer and Shaver, 2005). Thus, people with secure attachment showed better adaptability in negative experience such as conflict. Both of their intimate people and themselves are more likely to experience satisfying relationships (Overall, Fletcher, Simpson and Fillo,
Usually, individuals with secure attachment show a positive view of the self (Bowlby, 1969; Ainsworth, 1989). For example, they believed they are worthy to love, thus they can maintain high self-esteem and keep confidence when they meet the challenges in close relationships (Creasey and Ladd, 2005; Overall, Girme, Lemay and Hammond, 2014). This kind of individuals also holds a positive view of others. They believe that other people had good nature, thus other people’s intentions are usually good (Mikulincer and Shaver, 2005). Mikulincer and Shaver (2005) found that individuals with secure attachment were more likely to remember positive memories. If partner provided positive behaviours, these individuals could express happiness and gratitude naturally and showed more facial expression than individuals with insecure attachment. And for partner’s negative behaviours, although these individuals also expressed anger, they could think partner’s behaviours as a reasonable reaction as well. Thus they showed reasonable control and regulation to the self’s negative emotion. Meanwhile, individuals with secure attachment kept positive view to get experience and conclusion from interaction between the self and others. This experience and conclusion could be used for repairing relationship in the future (Mikulincer and Shaver, 2005). Thus, people with secure attachment showed better adaptability in negative experience such as conflict. Both of their intimate people and themselves are more likely to experience satisfying relationships (Overall, Fletcher, Simpson and Fillo,