There is an undeniable fact that European settlers colonized Australia in 1788. Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islander people have lived for 25,000 to 120,000 years in Australia (Dudgeon, 2012, p, 86). According to (2015, p, )729,048 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people still live in Australia In 2011. It is noticeable that the history of colonization has had profound impacts on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples since 1788 (1). Indigenous Australian lost their land as well as spiritual and cultural connection. In addition, the colonization of Australia brought considerable changes to Indigenous Australian society, economic structure and the ways people lived. Finally, it has negative effects on Aboriginal and Torres
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The World Health Organization (2090) defines social determinants of health as the conditions in which people are grow up, live, work and age. Also social determinants of Indigenous Australian health include education, employment, income, and lack of access to health care and the lower standard of health infrastructure in Indigenous Australian communities. First, lack of access to primary healthcare service in rural areas can lead to negative health outcome of Indigenous Australians. Because, 21% of Indigenous Australian still live in remote areas (10). There is a lack of health professionals such as general practitioners and nurses in remote area compare to metropolitan areas. Furthermore, Medicare budget for general practitioners is in remote areas approximately 20% less than in major cities (reference). Second, education and employment and are also important factor contributing Indigenous Australian health. Education can affect the ability to obtain information which is health service information and risk prevention (13). Otherwise, the lack of educational opportunities impact on Indigenous Australian economic and social status. For this reason, Indigenous Australian are limited access to employment and socially excluded. As a result, this causes psychological illnesses such as depression and stress. Thus, historically, introduction of illness and current social …show more content…
Study show that Indigenous Australian have considerably lower mental health scores than non-Indigenous Australian. (17). In particular, approximately 10 percent of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults have a high or very high levels of mental distress(book, p.76). Additionally, Aboriginal and Torres Strait people are more likely to have a high health risk behavior such as smoking and alcohol and drugs abuse. As a consequence, the racism can cause chronic diseases such as asthma, cardiovascular disease and health cancer. For this reason, life-expectancy of the Indigenous Australian population is 11to 17 lower than non-Indigenous Australian across all age group (Book, p. 106). Consequently, Racism in healthcare provision negatively affect to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people on psychological health and life
The World Health Organization (2090) defines social determinants of health as the conditions in which people are grow up, live, work and age. Also social determinants of Indigenous Australian health include education, employment, income, and lack of access to health care and the lower standard of health infrastructure in Indigenous Australian communities. First, lack of access to primary healthcare service in rural areas can lead to negative health outcome of Indigenous Australians. Because, 21% of Indigenous Australian still live in remote areas (10). There is a lack of health professionals such as general practitioners and nurses in remote area compare to metropolitan areas. Furthermore, Medicare budget for general practitioners is in remote areas approximately 20% less than in major cities (reference). Second, education and employment and are also important factor contributing Indigenous Australian health. Education can affect the ability to obtain information which is health service information and risk prevention (13). Otherwise, the lack of educational opportunities impact on Indigenous Australian economic and social status. For this reason, Indigenous Australian are limited access to employment and socially excluded. As a result, this causes psychological illnesses such as depression and stress. Thus, historically, introduction of illness and current social …show more content…
Study show that Indigenous Australian have considerably lower mental health scores than non-Indigenous Australian. (17). In particular, approximately 10 percent of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults have a high or very high levels of mental distress(book, p.76). Additionally, Aboriginal and Torres Strait people are more likely to have a high health risk behavior such as smoking and alcohol and drugs abuse. As a consequence, the racism can cause chronic diseases such as asthma, cardiovascular disease and health cancer. For this reason, life-expectancy of the Indigenous Australian population is 11to 17 lower than non-Indigenous Australian across all age group (Book, p. 106). Consequently, Racism in healthcare provision negatively affect to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people on psychological health and life