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Summary: Race Was Biologically Real

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Race was culturally invented to try and fit everyone into five different races; black, brown, yellow, red, and white. Using the various races to their advantage, the Europeans created a new social structure putting them at the top of the food chain while leaving the Africans and the Indians at the bottom. In this chapter along with the other material given the goal is to prove that everyone is from the same species. They explain that race is not biologically real, there are no genetic markers that define race. Skin color along with other traits, face shape, and eye color, are adaptations that evolved due to the environmental conditions exposed to our ancestors. Darker pigmentation was found in warmer climates closer to the equator which gave

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