Chaplin and Norton (2015) examined how theory of mind (ToM) affects children’s desire to perform. One hundred and fifty-nine children from various ethnic backgrounds ranging from 3-12 years old completed a preference and ToM task. For the preference task, experimenters told the children to choose 2 activities (one performance and nonperformance) out of 4 activities: sing a song or perform a dance of their choice (performance) and circle red shapes on a paper or color in a square (nonperformance). For the ToM task, the experimenters used 3 tests to measure different aspects of ToM: the Sally and Anne false belief task, the Cookie Box misleading container test, and the Duck and Lion social test. After the children completed both tasks, they
