Ambiguity In Fyodor Dostoyevsky's Notes From The Underground

Improved Essays
We all are, in a sense between Netflix and work, arbitrary creatures subjugated by society 's “free will” and capitalistic doctrines. Without careful introspection, we overlook the mental distance between our oughts and our wants as we slowly lose control over our lives. Most peoplesee the onslaught of individual will by our highly demanding, hierarchical, and intelligence-oriented society, but are unable to act against it. It is a lost cause, or rather a triumphant one, that despite scholastic indoctrinations and stigmatizing education, most of us are still not reduced to one dimensional thinking and stifled emotions. The constant imbalance between our emotional desires and social expectations is much like the idea of sex in a catholic school …show more content…
His novel “Notes from the Underground” portrays an amoral and self-conflicting character who indeed lives in everyone at some point of their lives. In “Notes”, Dostoveysky deliberately, and quite playfully (though that 'playfulness ' presents itself more as a suicidal tendency than anything else) denotes the ambiguity of absolutism in face of the irrational human nature. Using a fictional, lonely, and deranged personality as the narrating voice of the novel, Dostoyevsky contrives nonsensical inner dialogues to present common human angst in a carefully calculated world. He purports that humans suffer from the discrepancy that despite our desires to do good or bad, we are restrained by social expectations. Dostoyevsky supplies a critical anatomy of the struggles to find peace with our inner desires, or more importantly, to maintain the appearance of peace. The Underground Man, the sheltered and demented recluse, seeks within himself – rather successfully for an amateur Buddhist – to justify his spiteful and self-loathing behaviors to his audience. In the text, it is evident that the Underground Man yearns for attention and social acceptance, but he is too trapped in his absolutist views on social interactions to realize that he too, can be …show more content…
The Underground Man is a prime example of the id taking action to decide on how best to respond to his pleasure needs. It is seen in the novel that the Underground Man was many times caught between his ego and his id, and was unable to decide which outweighs which. He is such a confusing character because he was always creating false assumptions and matriculating vengeful plans after them. Fortunately, it never works out for him. Ironically, despite his absolute certitude that things will follow through the way he imagined, they often manifest differently in the future. As readers, let us not blame his perceptive and fast-acting wit. Instead, say that his id is in touch with the wrong side of reality. What we can often find in this novel, though, is that the id is always the autocrat mercilessly slaying the ego. Now, Freud would argue otherwise, but in the scope of the human nature, when was logic and reason ever part of our inherent design? I don 't recall carrying a measuring tape fresh out of the womb. Books tell us, for instance David Mitchell 's “Cloud Atlas,” and Albert Einstein 's non-fiction “Ideas and Opinions,” excessive reason brings the end of humanity. It was perhaps this line of thinking that brought mid-nineteenth century Russia into emulating the romantic west at the time this text was

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    (Tolstoy 148). The life and death of Ivan Ilych displays the idea that living according to cultural pressures will not bring individuals happiness or…

    • 651 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    In order to describe both the ego and the id Sigmund Freud uses an analogy. Freud compares the ego to a horseback rider, while the id is seen as the horse that is being ridden. According to Freud the ego is like a man on a horseback who tries to guide the horse (id); however, the horse does everything possible to oppose the ego and insist on doing what seems pleasurable. The id is a powerful force who tries to dominate over the ego, yet the ego does everything possible to find enough strength to be able to dominate over the id. Although the id, or in this case the horse, is very powerful, the ego, or horse rider, must do whatever is necessary to take the id’s desires into account and transform them into rational actions.…

    • 167 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Great Essays

    It does not instruct, nor encourage virtue, nor suggest models of proper human behavior, nor restrain men from doing the thing men have always done” (O’Brien 68). This direct quote illustrates a good contradiction between the id and the ego as two of the characters in the chapter, Rat Kiley and Curt Lemon, succumb to their id, or their desires, in the events in Vietnam. In order for the mind to maintain balance, what Freud’s daughter, Anna, called ‘defenses’ have been put in place. According to Anna Freud, “It [the term “defense”] occurs for the first time in 1894 … to describe the ego’s struggle against painful or unendurable ideas or affects” (Freud, A. 1). These defense mechanisms are denial, displacement, intellectualism, projection, rationalization, reaction formation, regression, repression, suppression and sublimation.…

    • 1605 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In this excerpt from Crime and Punishment, Fyodor Dostoevsky expresses different emotions and conflicts of his main character, Raskolnikov, as he questions and condemns the wicked ways of man. Dostoevsky describes the inner turmoil of Raskolnikov, who wishes to help those in need, but his experiences with mankind’s corruption has strayed him to his current belief: no amount of sacrifice can lessen impoverishment, suffering, nor vice. This passage reveals Raskolnikov’s utter disgust with not only the brute who’s trying to pursue the young girl, but society’s justification towards why a percentage of the people are inevitably destined to misfortune. Dostoevsky interprets Raskolnikov’s conflicts with the use of diction, tone, and rhetorical questions.…

    • 667 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    He just didn’t exist in the myopia of others. They chose not to see him and his struggles by turning a blind eye, consequently, the narrator felt that no one knew what he experienced as an educated black man. Anything within his vicinity and all that he had come into contact with had affected his microcosm. His natural human narcissistic being craved similarity so badly that he reacted violently against against a stranger who had triggered him. The discernment of the fact that he could not teach those that didn’t want to be taught set him free.…

    • 1515 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    After a few years of living for his brothers as a street sweeper, Equality 7-2521 found an underground tunnel. Within this underground tunnel, Equality 7-2521 wrote, thought, and performed scientific experiments he always wanted to do (which was forbidden) and was ultimately free from the company of others. From this point on, Equality 7-2521’s care for the “good” of his brothers lessened while the “good” for himself grew. After major events unfolded against him,…

    • 564 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Raskolnikov Suffering

    • 1538 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Dostoyevsky centers his characters around the socio-economical conditions of the time to impress upon the reader how the suffering of the characters leads to salvation. Their suffering aids in the development of various coping mechanisms, such as questionable ethics, religious fervor, and self-sacrifice for the sake of others. The motif of salvation can be seen through the suffering of Raskolnikov, Sonia, and Dounia. Throughout the novel, Raskolnikov suffers through his struggle of mental stability and morality, with his pride being his greatest weakness.…

    • 1538 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Raskolnikov's Guilt

    • 655 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Thus, Raskolnikov’s desperation to act different from society causes him to isolate himself. As one can see, his isolation does not improve his condition. Rather, isolation effectively means existential death for him because Fromm explains that modern man’s “loss of identity then makes it… imperative to conform; it means that one can be sure of oneself only if one lives up to the expectations of others” (Fromm 63). Raskolnikov purposely rejects the expectations of society, refusing human contact, untattered clothing, and even food. Thus, his lack of identity makes impossible any attempt to survive without conforming with society.…

    • 655 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    The Underground Man was an interesting man. He isolated himself and wrote from the underground; it was a place to escape from the real world. It did not bother him that two times two equals four, what bothered him was the laws of nature. He opposes primarily to them because he thinks they are culpable with interfering with every action that humans do.…

    • 513 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Tolstoy’s story, “Master and Man,” was expertly written and I enjoyed it greatly. At first glance, the story seems bland with no true meaning but, with deeper insight and careful consideration, it has underlying meanings. To put it mildly, it’s not simply a story about a selfish man and his ‘worker’; it’s a journey not just for the characters in the story, but for readers as well. This story gives readers an accurate glance into Russian culture and way of life. Countless people have extremely biased and stereotypical views about Russia because of how the country is portrayed in our society.…

    • 1333 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    The world is filled with billions of people which means that no matter where a person lives in Earth, interaction with one’s fellow man is inevitable. In most societies, behavioral norms for members living within that culture form over time and a person’s allegiance to fulfilling these norms and expectations can sometimes lead to an isolated and lonely existence. In The Death of Ivan Ilyich, Leo Tolstoy teaches his readers through the tormented characters that leading a life that is self centered, driven by the constructs of society, and lacking in compassion to one’s fellow man can ultimately lead to unhappiness at one’s death because of the realization that it was a mistake to live their life that way. Tolstoy demonstrates in various ways…

    • 1827 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Russian Nationalism

    • 1638 Words
    • 7 Pages

    “They were proud of Russia’s greatness, but they defined it as similarity to Europe. Their confidence was the confidence that Russia was a European state, and this was the chief foundation of their national pride: they were proud to be up to the standard” (Greenfeld, 224). The crisis of national identity arrived as a culmination of both comparisons with Western nations, and Russia’s inability to define itself on a global scale. Peter the Great ignited a sentiment of vocational implications that established the West as a standard that Russia must work itself towards achieving. The quest to define Russia and the Russian people recognized the significance of certain sources of identity development by the 19th century, namely, the concept of a collective consciousness, ethical and primordial factors, and a characteristic “spirit” of the nation.…

    • 1638 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    I.E: Dmitri Gurov’s embrace of the world’s “utter indifference to the life and death of each of us” is validated Ivan Illych’s suffering. Illych dies of something very trivial, falling off a stepladder and hitting a window frame on his side; his extreme suffering and death is a reminder of inescapable mortality. Gurov’s view comes from a very different place compared to Illych’s. Though Illych suffers a great deal of pain before his death, he also partakes in a deep human interaction with his helper, Gerasim. This encounter makes Illych realize how he has missed these meaningful connections with other people in his life, and how wasted his past actions were.…

    • 1405 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Raskolnikov Foil

    • 547 Words
    • 3 Pages

    In his stirring psychological thriller novel, Crime and Punishment, Fyodor Dostoevsky subtly manifests how one cannot live without the compassion and concern of others. Dostoevsky’s use of Raskolnikov’s closest friend as a foil character balances Raskolnikov’s seemingly incorrigible ways with Razumikhin’s solicitous personality by the contrast shown in Dostoevky’s choice of words, which further validates how Raskolnikov needs a person who is compassionate so that he refrains from committing more heinous crimes. Of the numerous characters in the novel, Dostoevsky exemplified the most contrast between Raskolnikov and his only friend, Razumikhin. This serves as a way to define Raskolnikov’s blasphemous personality. It is reasonable that Dostoevsky established Razumikhin as the foil character because he spends the most time with Raskolnikov throughout the novel.…

    • 547 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Conforming to Freud’s beliefs on intuition, our instincts are brought upon by our individual psyche. According to Freud, our personality is made up of id, ego, and superego that each foster at different paces in an individual’s life. Id is responsible for our instincts and impulses and is the first form of personality developed in human beings. It strives for an immediate response in order to feel pleasure and if the pleasure isn’t fulfilled, the individual feels immediate disatisfaction. Id is associated with irrational thinking.…

    • 797 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays