Before digging deep into the theory of Ecocriticism, a study of the preceding feminist approaches is essential in order to figure out their insufficiencies that made the fail to adequately address certain fundamental features of the mutual oppression of women and nature, which eventually led to the emergence of the theory of Ecocriticism as an inclusive theory to overcome such deficiencies. In "Dismantling Oppression: An Analysis of the Connection Between Women and Animals", Lori Gruen gives an examination of what she calls "anthropocentric feminisms" (liberal feminism, Marxist feminism, and socialist feminism), showing how each separates humans from animals and nature, and gives the former the upper hand over the latter. Then, she "trace(s)
