Continous, unrelieved pain disturbs the psychological state of Emily and her family members. Collective psychological responses to pain comprise of depression and anxiety. The inability to elude from pain and may generate a perception of helplessness and despair, which may predispose her to more chronic disorders such as depression and anxiety. Emily has been suffering ongoing abdominal pain associated with vomiting and diarrhoea due to her Crohn’s, she is treated with intravenous antibiotics and hydrocortisone. Pain causes stress. The endocrine system in turn reacts by emitting an extreme amount of hormones which ultimately result in protein, fat and carbohydrate catabolism, poor glucose use and other destructive effects. The initial reaction
