Sterotoxic Effects On Fetal Brains

The lungs and airways are the most important exposure sites for involuntary exposure to NPs (Brown et al., 2000; Wilson et al., 2002), and can also translocate from the lungs into circulation and reach secondary target organs (Kreyling et al., 2002). Fetal brains are easily affected by blood-borne substances, including nano-sized materials due to the incomplete development of the blood brain barrier (Watson et al., 2006). Metal, metal oxide and carbon-based NPs as well as nan-crystals induce DNA damage in some experimental models (Singh et al., 2009). CB-NPs are efficient generators of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The formation of free radicals such as superoxide anion or hydroxyl radical may also be increased with high surface area and may play an important role in activation of the inflammatory responses to NPs (Donaldson et al., 2006) Thus, we hypothesized that, CB-NPs are attractive benchmark nanoparticles because their toxic effects due to containing small amount of organic impurities induced genotoxicity which is exerted primarily through inflammation and generation oxidative stress as reported by Jacobsen et al. (2008). …show more content…
The objective of this study is to investigate the neurotoxic effect of different concentrations from CB-NPs on avian embryo models biochemically through oxidative stress and antioxidant biomarker, assessing expression levels of genes related to the oxidative stress, apoptosis, and