Article Summary
Many would argue that speech is not a motor skill. Many believe the term motor skill is used to describe a task. The last statement is true, although, speech should also be included when thinking about the term motor skill. “The term motor learning describes an act or task that satisfies four criteria. These four specifications are, goal oriented, meaning it is preformed in order to achieve some objective. Body and/or limb movements are required to accomplish the goal. Those movements are voluntary. Lastly, motor skills are developed as a result of practice. In other words, a skill must be learned or relearned” (2013). With that being said, speech does fall under those categories. This article summary and article critique will …show more content…
The hypothesis that was being examined was whether higher trait communication apprehension scores (indicating more anxiety) would predict more disfluency within a speech (2015). Imagery and mental practice will be important key terms in this paper. Mental practice is a very broad term, people may often benefit from mental practice just like they would with physical practice. A technique of mental practice is imagery, “Imagery involves the visualization or cognitive rehearsal of a movement in the absence of any physical execution” (2013). In this study, communication apprehension was the subject of extensive study within the field of communication (2015). Communication apprehension is another key term in this study. Communication apprehension can be defined as, “an in an individual’s level of fear or anxiety with either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons” (2015). This was looking at a theory and how it is related to communication apprehension. The theory that was being studied is imagined interaction. Imagined interaction is described in the study as, how people prepare for upcoming conversations by creating cognitive scripts for behavior enactment (2015). People that use imagined interaction state that they benefit from decreased anxiety since the …show more content…
The setting of this study is, 95 college aged participants, ages ranging from 18 to 25, enrolled in a introductory communication course at a southeastern university (2015). The participants were divided into two groups, rehearsal and non rehearsal. The rehearsal group consisted of 48 participants, and the no rehearsal group included 47 participants. The sample consisted of approximately 48% female and 52% males (2015). Participants in the rehearsal group listened to a short four minuet training session on imagined interaction that reviewed techniques for rehearsal such as repetition and mentally imagining the successful outcome of a speech in which the audience applauded and gave sincere, positive feedback. The training video included the definition, examples, and procedural steps in imagined interaction. The goal of the training was for the subjects in the rehearsal group to prepare for their speeches properly (2015). After the training the participants were given the topic and they were able to rehearse and prepare notes but only given four extra minutes to do so. The participants in the non rehearsal group did not partake in any training but they were given the same predetermined notes as the other group, although, during their four minutes they were given a distracting task to ensure no rehearsal was taking place. The first sixty seconds of each
Many would argue that speech is not a motor skill. Many believe the term motor skill is used to describe a task. The last statement is true, although, speech should also be included when thinking about the term motor skill. “The term motor learning describes an act or task that satisfies four criteria. These four specifications are, goal oriented, meaning it is preformed in order to achieve some objective. Body and/or limb movements are required to accomplish the goal. Those movements are voluntary. Lastly, motor skills are developed as a result of practice. In other words, a skill must be learned or relearned” (2013). With that being said, speech does fall under those categories. This article summary and article critique will …show more content…
The hypothesis that was being examined was whether higher trait communication apprehension scores (indicating more anxiety) would predict more disfluency within a speech (2015). Imagery and mental practice will be important key terms in this paper. Mental practice is a very broad term, people may often benefit from mental practice just like they would with physical practice. A technique of mental practice is imagery, “Imagery involves the visualization or cognitive rehearsal of a movement in the absence of any physical execution” (2013). In this study, communication apprehension was the subject of extensive study within the field of communication (2015). Communication apprehension is another key term in this study. Communication apprehension can be defined as, “an in an individual’s level of fear or anxiety with either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons” (2015). This was looking at a theory and how it is related to communication apprehension. The theory that was being studied is imagined interaction. Imagined interaction is described in the study as, how people prepare for upcoming conversations by creating cognitive scripts for behavior enactment (2015). People that use imagined interaction state that they benefit from decreased anxiety since the …show more content…
The setting of this study is, 95 college aged participants, ages ranging from 18 to 25, enrolled in a introductory communication course at a southeastern university (2015). The participants were divided into two groups, rehearsal and non rehearsal. The rehearsal group consisted of 48 participants, and the no rehearsal group included 47 participants. The sample consisted of approximately 48% female and 52% males (2015). Participants in the rehearsal group listened to a short four minuet training session on imagined interaction that reviewed techniques for rehearsal such as repetition and mentally imagining the successful outcome of a speech in which the audience applauded and gave sincere, positive feedback. The training video included the definition, examples, and procedural steps in imagined interaction. The goal of the training was for the subjects in the rehearsal group to prepare for their speeches properly (2015). After the training the participants were given the topic and they were able to rehearse and prepare notes but only given four extra minutes to do so. The participants in the non rehearsal group did not partake in any training but they were given the same predetermined notes as the other group, although, during their four minutes they were given a distracting task to ensure no rehearsal was taking place. The first sixty seconds of each