S., & Norton, D. P. 2007). It reflects a balance between short-and-long-term objectives, financial and non-financial measures, lagging and leading indicators, and external and internal measures. It emphasizes linking and aligning multiple measures to strategic objectives, and conceptualizing the strategic alignment between business goals and specific tactics(Daokui Jiang1, j., & Mengzhu Ma1, m. …show more content…
Post 9/11 security had the biggest impact on supply chains with tighter security measures placed on freight being delivered by plane, cargo ships, and trucks looking to cross American borders. As stated in (Mangan, Lalwani, Butcher, & Javadpour, 2011) terrorist attacks did not themselves cause any significant disruption to global supply chains or even North American industry. But the reaction of the US authorities did. The closure of US borders and the grounding of transatlantic flights dislocated international supply chains making supply chain vulnerability front page news. 9/11 and other events such as the tsunami that hit Japan is a direct result of why a global supply chain have become more complex. These events that are classed as unknowable unknowns for the reason they are so far out of a risk manager’s field of reference (Mangan, Lalwani, Butcher, & Javadpour, 2011). Therefore, the White House recently released The National Strategy for Global Supply Chain Security (NSGSCS). The document dated January 23, 2012, recognizes that the development of Nations depends on international efforts to save and ensure the transit of goods through the global system of supply chains. In addition, it exposes the need to assess and understand the effects of disruptions mainly generated by three factors: (i) natural disasters; (ii) criminal acts, and (iii) terrorist acts (Bueno-Solano, A., & Cedillo-Campos, M. G.