Solitary Confinement Theory

Improved Essays
Introduction Disciplinary practices have always been at the foundation of the U.S. correctional system (Arrigo & Bullock, 2008; Bennion, 2015; Cockrell, 2013). Inquiring the various ways of punishing and correcting inmates’ behavior has offered a prolific terrain to study prisons’ social and physical environments. In this view, several scholars emphasized the widely used practice of solitary confinement as a social phenomenon that warrants particular attention (Bennion, 2015; Arrigo, & Bullock, 2008; Steinbuch, 2014).

Theory and Literature Review
The theory of this study is that prison and solitary confinement impacts prisoners’ well-being. Public programs, mental health, and isolation by race must be examined to help people overcome issues. The circumstances differ by race and social experiences, and the inmates taken from the focus
…show more content…
A., & Bullock, J. L. (2008). The psychological effects of solitary confinement on prisoners in supermax units. International Journal of Offender Therapy & Comparative Criminology, 52(6), …show more content…
Prison Segregation: Symposium Introduction and Preliminary Data on Racial Disparities. Michigan Law Journal, (2) 241-50
Schlanger examines preliminary data that suggest that in many states the harsh conditions of solitary confinement are probably disproportionately affecting prisoners of color. In short, it seems high to follow a more systematically task of the race question in prisons. American jails and prisons are themselves vastly racially skewed in their populations. Therefore, this article discusses four of the eight columns (Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, and New York), non-white prisoners are substantially overrepresented in the highlighted facilities; statistical testing confirms that the difference is statistically significant.
Steinbuch, A. T. (2014). The movement away from solitary confinement in the United States. New England Journal on Criminal & Civil Confinement, 40(2),

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    Cohen, Andrew. " Creating Monsters: How Solitary Confinement Hurts the Rest of Us." The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company, 18 Apr. 2014. Web.…

    • 1965 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    After careful research of Kaplan’s library three articles were used in this paper was “Solitary Confinement and Risk of Self-Harm Among Jail Inmates,” “Toward a more constitutional approach to solitary confinement: The Case for reform,” and e Beginning of the End: Using Ohio’s Plan to Eliminate Juvenile Solitary Confinement as a Model for Statutory Elimination of Juvenile Solitary Confinement”. The information provided from these articles help further support the fact that solitary confinement is doing more harm than good within the correctional facility. Being able to expand on the reality that solitary confinement is creating a more psychological damage to inmates. The peer review pinpointed areas to improve this paper and made it possible…

    • 149 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The first use of solitary confinement was in 1787. It was first used on a group of prisoners and it was believed if people were left alone in almost complete silence, they would feel repent for what they did. In the article, the author Dana Liebelson uses multiple real life examples to show how solitary confinement can have horrifying, long-lasting effects on people, especially children and young adults. Specifically the author uses the stories of a 17- year old named Kenny, and a 16- year old named Jonathan. Throughout the article you gain information that you may have never even considered to be possible, but the truth about this system is that it is extremely inhumane.…

    • 1062 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Methods This will be a explorative research, as it appears during research that no one has taken to the to actually investigate the psychological effects of solitary confinement, other to interview prisoners who have spent time in such facilities. The experiment will be conducted in order to evaluate whether or not time in Solitary Confinement is associated with future diagnosed psychological issues amongst prisoners. In order to prove my hypothesis I will perform an experiment. The experiment will exclude individuals who are already suffering from psychological issues prior to being accepted as a subject in the experiment.…

    • 846 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    A jailhouse in Thunder Bay, Ontario was accused of ignoring warnings on desperately needed updates for solitary confinement cells. It was requested by staff and government several times that the jailhouse be upgraded to suit the basic needs of inmates. The cells received small modifications but this did little to help the situation. These unsafe conditions were factors in the deaths of two inmates in 2003, 2008, and potentially a third in 2016. The death of Christopher Coaster in 2008 was the main concern in this article as it highlighted the minimal time he spent in solitary confinement and the reasons how his death could have been avoided.…

    • 1179 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    As shown in Prison Policy Initiative, both in Texas and New York have shown steady decreases in the prison incarcerations rates while the jail incarceration rate stayed the same. However, Texas’s rates are double of New York. In 2010, Texas has “2,855 blacks and 768 whites incarcerated per 100,000 people in their racial group” [4]. New York on the other hand has “1,655 blacks and 219 whites per 100,000 people in their racial group” [5]. Even in crime rates there is a massive difference.…

    • 663 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    The Pros And Cons Of Solitary Punishment

    • 1075 Words
    • 5 Pages
    • 5 Works Cited

    Like a child who is being ignored, they will act out. Torture At Home: Documentary On Solitary Confinement in U.S. Prisons Misses the Mark is an article written by Alexandra Smith, about a documentary on isolation in prison, by National Geographic’s. Smith states options by Dr. Stuart Grassian, a psychologist, “Grassian discusses movingly how the most vulnerable individuals, in most need of support, tend to end up in solitary confinement. The isolation has a worsening effect on people, he explained, leading them to exhibit more impulsive, violent behavior as a result.” People, who are left alone all day, tend to develop their own form of right and wrong.…

    • 1075 Words
    • 5 Pages
    • 5 Works Cited
    Superior Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Obama explains how “Reforming solitary confinement is just one part of a broader bipartisan push for criminal justice reform”. (Barack Obama.) Solitary confinement will need to be a bipartisan push, both parties need to work together in order to amend isolation. According to Reiter “ A year in solitary averages $75,000 per prisoner–about three times the average cost of incarceration”. (Reiter Keramet.)…

    • 1447 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Solitary confinement is defined as a form of imprisonment where an inmate is separated from other inmates and/ or human contact for over 20 hours a day for days, weeks, months, or even years. This practice has been used widely throughout the United States for many decades in an effort to separate highly dangerous inmates from causing harm to other inmates or themselves. Whether or not solitary confinement is useful in the prison system is up for debate but the effects it leaves on the inmates is a concern for many states. By taking a look at what solitary confinement is, examining the phycological effects of the imprisonment, and discussing the legality of the punishment we may be able to draw a better conclusion on whether or not this practice should still be used in the modern day prison system. Solitary confinement can be described as a form of punishment in a prison system where inmates are sent to a private room with no windows and no outside contact with other humans or inmates except prison guards.…

    • 1237 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Colonization, Decolonization, and Indigenous Spirituality in Leonard Peltier 's Prison Writings Within the American prison system, many individuals remain held for extended periods of time in solitary confinement. Despite arguments that solitary confinement has severe psychological and behavioral consequences for inmates, the experiences described by Leonard Peltier in Prison Writings tell a different story. Viewed from the historical lenses of colonization and decolonization, an important lesson to draw from Peltier 's writings is that subjugated individuals who identify with a group considered culturally inferior will find ways to demonstrate resilience through spiritual means in the face of resignation.…

    • 1190 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Great Essays

    Solitary Definition

    • 1586 Words
    • 7 Pages

    As a result, they may respond with anti-social or aggressive behaviors. These youth may experience symptoms such as paranoia, anxiety and depression after very short periods of isolation, meaning lengthy stays in segregation can be particularly damaging (Puckett, 2016, pp. 65). Kalief Browder spent 800 days in confinement (Bennett, 2016, pp. 296). Browder states, “The long-term solitary confinement of prisoners causes fundamentally debilitative psychological damage. This violence, inherent to the socio-spatial organization of solitary confinement, diminishes prisoners’ capacity to function as human beings” (Bennett, 2016, pp.…

    • 1586 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    “African Americans are incarcerated in state prisons across the country at more than five times the rate of whites, and at least ten times the rate in five states.” (Nellis, 2016) Although there have been promising reforms put in place to reduce the prison populations, racial and ethnic disparities within the prison system continue to cripple the idea of justice in America. African Americans have been incarcerated in state prisons 5.1 times the rate for whites. In the states of Iowa, Minnesota, New Jersey, Vermont, and Wisconsin, the disparity is greater than 10 to 1.…

    • 502 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Prison and jail’s are ill equipped to deal with the ever growing number of mentally ill prisoners that society has shunned. Living in a 4X8 room day after day, week after week, and month after month takes a toll on even the healthiest of inmates. Stopping this form of torture is not up to the jails, police and courts, their hands are tied. These inmates need compassion and a way to deal with their demons that only first hand medical services can provide. Adam Gopnik a writer for the New Yorker and article author of “The Caging of America” argues and I agree “how is it that our civilization, which rejects hanging and flogging and disembowelling, came to believe that caging vast numbers of people for decades is acceptable humane sanctions?”…

    • 1372 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Juvenile solitary confinement has been used over the years to punish poor behavior in the United States juvenile prison system. However after long term negative side effects that isolation can cause in teens, the General public has been in support of isolation alternatives. In this paper, I will be discussing the state by state solitary confinement rules and regulations, how rehabilitation and therapeutic services can be a healthy option as an alternative to confinement and how our nation’s youth don’t always have to feel that segregation is the only form of discipline. A lot of modern alternatives to juvenile solitary confinement would be preferable if not more acceptable to the general public. This idea of solitary confinement started back…

    • 1942 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Inmates suffering from mental illnesses induced by isolation will often times, never recover from their disease. 2. In 2005, 69% of suicides in California prisons were inmates being housed in isolation. 3. Isolating a human being for extended periods of time is inhumane and should be…

    • 657 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays

Related Topics