a. Socioeconomic Factors: According to the report of U.S. Census Bureau in 2011, there was 12% of Vietnamese American living below poverty, which was in the top three subgroups of Asian population living below poverty (Hmong with 26.8% and Cambodian with 18.6%). There is a significant association between poverty and the likelihood of getting cervical screening tests. Nguyen et al. (2010) explained that financial difficulties preceded the access to health care in two ways, including the “inability to afford health insurance, which is one barrier to health service utilization” (p. 883) and the inability to afford high deductibles or the fee for visiting physicians. Kao (2010) also found that ethnic differences in the rate of being uninsured
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(2013) indicated that cultural beliefs and attitude among Vietnamese Americans were significantly predictors to the cervical cancer-screening rate. The study of Ma et al. (2013) showed that 41% of Vietnamese Americans felt uncomfortable with being tested by a stranger or by male physicians, 35% of Vietnamese American women believed the cervical screening was not necessary while 28% believed the test would be “painful or unpleasant”. A research of Downs et al. (2008) also shared the same findings with Ma et al. (2013) when pointing out that women believed the test was not necessary for them if they were not sexually active. Another cultural factor that precedes the access to cervical screening services among Vietnamese American women, according to Nguyen et al. (2010), was the value of modesty and privacy of this …show more content…
In the study conducted by Nguyen-Truong C.K.Y et al. (2012), the authors found that only 1 in 3 Vietnamese Americans were aware of the cervical screening tests or the prevention programs offering in their communities. The authors also added only few Vietnamese American women knew low cost or free Pap smear. Nguyen-Truong C.K.Y et al. (2012) believed these factors may contribute to low participation rates in getting cervical cancer screening test.
c. Access to Healthcare: A randomized controlled trial study of Ma et al. (2013) suggested that Vietnamese American women experienced significant barrier to health care access with more than 50% of the Vietnamese American women indicated that lack of time, lack of transportation, financial difficulties, and language barriers were their major concerns preventing them from getting Pap test. English proficiency is one of the barriers to health care access in general, and to cervical cancer screening intervention in particular. English proficiency was also significantly associated with receipt of HPV vaccine. However, according to the study by Yi et al. (2013), only 47% of Vietnamese American women reported proficiency in spoken and written
(2013) indicated that cultural beliefs and attitude among Vietnamese Americans were significantly predictors to the cervical cancer-screening rate. The study of Ma et al. (2013) showed that 41% of Vietnamese Americans felt uncomfortable with being tested by a stranger or by male physicians, 35% of Vietnamese American women believed the cervical screening was not necessary while 28% believed the test would be “painful or unpleasant”. A research of Downs et al. (2008) also shared the same findings with Ma et al. (2013) when pointing out that women believed the test was not necessary for them if they were not sexually active. Another cultural factor that precedes the access to cervical screening services among Vietnamese American women, according to Nguyen et al. (2010), was the value of modesty and privacy of this …show more content…
In the study conducted by Nguyen-Truong C.K.Y et al. (2012), the authors found that only 1 in 3 Vietnamese Americans were aware of the cervical screening tests or the prevention programs offering in their communities. The authors also added only few Vietnamese American women knew low cost or free Pap smear. Nguyen-Truong C.K.Y et al. (2012) believed these factors may contribute to low participation rates in getting cervical cancer screening test.
c. Access to Healthcare: A randomized controlled trial study of Ma et al. (2013) suggested that Vietnamese American women experienced significant barrier to health care access with more than 50% of the Vietnamese American women indicated that lack of time, lack of transportation, financial difficulties, and language barriers were their major concerns preventing them from getting Pap test. English proficiency is one of the barriers to health care access in general, and to cervical cancer screening intervention in particular. English proficiency was also significantly associated with receipt of HPV vaccine. However, according to the study by Yi et al. (2013), only 47% of Vietnamese American women reported proficiency in spoken and written