They had railroads, trading, world commerce, productive farms, and shipping. The South had no manufacturing or family farms but huge plantations for cotton and tobacco. They continued to use slaves on plantations. Only 1/9 of the US industrial capacity was in the South by the beginning of the civil war. The North was producing 97% of the country’s firearms and 93% of its pig iron. In the South, 80% of its population was employed by agriculture and only 40% was employed by agriculture in the North. Something else to consider is the North’s climate compared to the South; the North just wasn’t set up for large-scale agriculture and had a large amount of navigable streams. The South was more suited for large-scale agriculture, which is in relation to why the South was so pro slavery.
The Industrialization in the North attracted European immigrants and led to bigger cities in the North. The North’s population skyrocketed to 23 million compared to the South’s 9 million in 1860. The North was urbanized and was becoming a place many people wanted to be. There were advancing technologies that people wanted to have and live a more convenient life with luxuries no one was used to