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Public Health Preparedness
11/6/15
Smallpox Basic Outline
Introduction
1. The preparedness community has vastly changed since we first started working toward eradicating smallpox. They have made progressions in areas of communication plans, isolation and quarantine, environmental control, and checklist for different levels of government.
2. These developments and actions have helped toward the progression of eradicating other diseases. The smallpox health initiative action plan helped improve other disease control programs globally for diseases such as poliomyelitis and dracunculiasis.
3. Without the progression of the eradication of smallpox we would have never been able to navigate, and make such a large impact on the eradicating process …show more content…
Africa- Kaffir pox, Portuguese- alastra (all different version of smallpox that existed around the world.
2. However, the clinico-epidemiological selection of smallpox has names “variola minor” which lead to the title of the term “variola” major.
b. Where did it start? (Fenner ea. Atl, 1998)
i. The disease was believed to have started in India and spread to Egypt. (CITATION)
1. Where in India was it found?
2. How did it spread to Egypt?
3. How did it spread to the rest of the world? ii. Studies on the viral strains of the variola minor have been able to identify two specific categories by characteristic of biological representations.
1. Identify biological characteristics iii. The one strain is in line with strains that have been from South America or back to an American birthplace. The second strain has been traced back to those that have been found in South Africa. iv. Does not occur naturally any longer- Stored in two labs (America and Russia)
c. How did it spread? (Weiss eatl., 2004)
i. Types of Transmission
1. Person to Person
a. Saliva droplets on a person’s breath
i. 2m (~6ft) People in immediate vicinity ii. Prime rout of spreading smallpox
b. Fine-Particle Aerosol
i. Can affect a larger …show more content…
Ranked diseased
2. Discussed elimination
a. Measles, and Poliomyelitis.
b. Early Efforts to Control Smallpox (Fenner, 1988)
i. Variolation
1. Definition
2. Horticultural procedures
3. Every culture had their own method of varioloation
a. India- taking the pus on a sharp needle and puncturing several hole in the deltoid muscle and then cover it with a paste made of rice.
b. China- used a intranasal insufflation ii. Vaccination (Fenner, 1988)
1. Acceptance
a. Edward Jenner’s challenges and work lead to what is now called the Smallpox Vaccine.
b. The 19th century is when people started to accept the idea of vaccination.
c. Vaccination had all the benefits of variolation without the side effects that came with it.
2. Early Method of distribution
a. Impregnate threads with vaccine
i. Material from variolation
b. Spread lymph on glass and wait till it was dried and covered it with silver lancelets
i. Shipped across countries this way.
c. Later on capillary tubes with glycerolated vaccine were used to ship the vaccine.
3. Early Problems with Vaccination
a. Contamination occurred often and were not recognized which was the problem.
b. Vaccination from arm to arm or kept in cows need to be increased in their
Public Health Preparedness
11/6/15
Smallpox Basic Outline
Introduction
1. The preparedness community has vastly changed since we first started working toward eradicating smallpox. They have made progressions in areas of communication plans, isolation and quarantine, environmental control, and checklist for different levels of government.
2. These developments and actions have helped toward the progression of eradicating other diseases. The smallpox health initiative action plan helped improve other disease control programs globally for diseases such as poliomyelitis and dracunculiasis.
3. Without the progression of the eradication of smallpox we would have never been able to navigate, and make such a large impact on the eradicating process …show more content…
Africa- Kaffir pox, Portuguese- alastra (all different version of smallpox that existed around the world.
2. However, the clinico-epidemiological selection of smallpox has names “variola minor” which lead to the title of the term “variola” major.
b. Where did it start? (Fenner ea. Atl, 1998)
i. The disease was believed to have started in India and spread to Egypt. (CITATION)
1. Where in India was it found?
2. How did it spread to Egypt?
3. How did it spread to the rest of the world? ii. Studies on the viral strains of the variola minor have been able to identify two specific categories by characteristic of biological representations.
1. Identify biological characteristics iii. The one strain is in line with strains that have been from South America or back to an American birthplace. The second strain has been traced back to those that have been found in South Africa. iv. Does not occur naturally any longer- Stored in two labs (America and Russia)
c. How did it spread? (Weiss eatl., 2004)
i. Types of Transmission
1. Person to Person
a. Saliva droplets on a person’s breath
i. 2m (~6ft) People in immediate vicinity ii. Prime rout of spreading smallpox
b. Fine-Particle Aerosol
i. Can affect a larger …show more content…
Ranked diseased
2. Discussed elimination
a. Measles, and Poliomyelitis.
b. Early Efforts to Control Smallpox (Fenner, 1988)
i. Variolation
1. Definition
2. Horticultural procedures
3. Every culture had their own method of varioloation
a. India- taking the pus on a sharp needle and puncturing several hole in the deltoid muscle and then cover it with a paste made of rice.
b. China- used a intranasal insufflation ii. Vaccination (Fenner, 1988)
1. Acceptance
a. Edward Jenner’s challenges and work lead to what is now called the Smallpox Vaccine.
b. The 19th century is when people started to accept the idea of vaccination.
c. Vaccination had all the benefits of variolation without the side effects that came with it.
2. Early Method of distribution
a. Impregnate threads with vaccine
i. Material from variolation
b. Spread lymph on glass and wait till it was dried and covered it with silver lancelets
i. Shipped across countries this way.
c. Later on capillary tubes with glycerolated vaccine were used to ship the vaccine.
3. Early Problems with Vaccination
a. Contamination occurred often and were not recognized which was the problem.
b. Vaccination from arm to arm or kept in cows need to be increased in their