Smallpox Outline

Brilliant Essays
gh
Public Health Preparedness
11/6/15
Smallpox Basic Outline
Introduction
1. The preparedness community has vastly changed since we first started working toward eradicating smallpox. They have made progressions in areas of communication plans, isolation and quarantine, environmental control, and checklist for different levels of government.
2. These developments and actions have helped toward the progression of eradicating other diseases. The smallpox health initiative action plan helped improve other disease control programs globally for diseases such as poliomyelitis and dracunculiasis.
3. Without the progression of the eradication of smallpox we would have never been able to navigate, and make such a large impact on the eradicating process
…show more content…
Africa- Kaffir pox, Portuguese- alastra (all different version of smallpox that existed around the world.
2. However, the clinico-epidemiological selection of smallpox has names “variola minor” which lead to the title of the term “variola” major.
b. Where did it start? (Fenner ea. Atl, 1998)
i. The disease was believed to have started in India and spread to Egypt. (CITATION)
1. Where in India was it found?
2. How did it spread to Egypt?
3. How did it spread to the rest of the world? ii. Studies on the viral strains of the variola minor have been able to identify two specific categories by characteristic of biological representations.
1. Identify biological characteristics iii. The one strain is in line with strains that have been from South America or back to an American birthplace. The second strain has been traced back to those that have been found in South Africa. iv. Does not occur naturally any longer- Stored in two labs (America and Russia)
c. How did it spread? (Weiss eatl., 2004)
i. Types of Transmission
1. Person to Person
a. Saliva droplets on a person’s breath
i. 2m (~6ft) People in immediate vicinity ii. Prime rout of spreading smallpox
b. Fine-Particle Aerosol
i. Can affect a larger
…show more content…
Ranked diseased
2. Discussed elimination
a. Measles, and Poliomyelitis.
b. Early Efforts to Control Smallpox (Fenner, 1988)
i. Variolation
1. Definition
2. Horticultural procedures
3. Every culture had their own method of varioloation
a. India- taking the pus on a sharp needle and puncturing several hole in the deltoid muscle and then cover it with a paste made of rice.
b. China- used a intranasal insufflation ii. Vaccination (Fenner, 1988)
1. Acceptance
a. Edward Jenner’s challenges and work lead to what is now called the Smallpox Vaccine.
b. The 19th century is when people started to accept the idea of vaccination.
c. Vaccination had all the benefits of variolation without the side effects that came with it.
2. Early Method of distribution
a. Impregnate threads with vaccine
i. Material from variolation
b. Spread lymph on glass and wait till it was dried and covered it with silver lancelets
i. Shipped across countries this way.
c. Later on capillary tubes with glycerolated vaccine were used to ship the vaccine.
3. Early Problems with Vaccination
a. Contamination occurred often and were not recognized which was the problem.
b. Vaccination from arm to arm or kept in cows need to be increased in their

Related Documents

  • Decent Essays

    Chapter 3 Article 3: Cherokee Medicine, Colonial Germs: An Indigenous Nation s Fight against Smallpox, 1518-1824 Chapter two of the textbook, Biosecurity and Bioterrorism Containing and Preventing Biological Threats, by Jeffrey R. Ryan, goes into extensive detail on the numerous types of category A diseases and their agents. Category A diseases and agents, hold the greatest potential for harm in the case of a bioterrorist attack (Ryan 2016, p. 51). Throughout this chapter the different types of category A diseased are listed, one of the most feared and well know of these is Smallpox. Pursuing this further, if Smallpox were to be formed into a biological weapon, it would be very hazardous to the citizens of the United States (Ryan 2016, p.…

    • 287 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The Demon in the Freezer is a true, spine tingling nonfictional story and NY Times best seller about how a practically invisible, lethal virus can infect an entire nation within a matter of days. Richard Preston brought the real terror of smallpox to the attention of millions of people by bringing the virus to a personal level. The crucial scientists in this book are Peter Jahrling (chief scientist at United States Army Medical Response Institute of Infectious Disease or USAMRIID for short), D.A. Henderson (former director of WHO vaccination program), Lisa Hensley (disease researcher working with USAMRIID), and Ken Alibek (defector from Russia) work day and night to either find a vaccination or eradicate smallpox for good. Robert Stevens was…

    • 1130 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Peter Los has been ill due to the smallpox virus during his travel in Asia and he carried it back to Germany. At first, nobody knows it is smallpox and let it spreads ten days to everyone in the hospital. When doctors realize the seriousness it is too late because smallpox could be spread through air and any other ways. Richard Preston describes smallpox as “it quickly gives away to branching chains of explosive transmission of a lethal virus in a virgin population of nonimmune hosts” (48). Luckily, vaccines control this case in Germany not spread to the whole country although seventeen poor people died.…

    • 885 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Abstract Smallpox is a highly infectious disease caused by the Variola virus. This report explores the taxonomic classification, “life cycle”, and mechanism of replication of this pathogen, as well as discusses the virulence and treatment options for an infected human host. This member of the Orthopoxvirus genus is extremely virulent, and has a fatality rate of nearly 30%. While this virus only attacks a human host, similar members of the Voxviridae family produce similar infections in animals.…

    • 854 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The author’s purpose was explaining the influence of the smallpox and the way that Washington used to prevent the smallpox spread. Becker’s thesis was the impact of smallpox on the soldiers and on military strategy during the American Revolutionary War. I believe that the author did not challenge for the historical viewpoint.…

    • 682 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Analytic Essay This article explains one man’s view on vaccination. He goes against the belief of many, and what he’s been taught in medical school, claiming that there are risks involved in deciding to vaccinate. The author of this article argues that vaccines are not 100% safe, and that parents should conduct their own research in order to make the right decision about vaccination. Shane Ellison is not only a medical chemist, but he is also a father.…

    • 674 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The Black Death was a very painful disease, as if you contracted the plague you would have symptoms such as black buboes (Buboes are painful masses that appear in the groin and armpits) which would have continued for approximately a week. There was always a tiny chance of living if the buboes did burst. What caused the “Black Death?” Stuart doctors said that dogs and cats, pigs, pet rabbits and pigeons could spread the plague.…

    • 823 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    How did smallpox impact the U.S. in 1900’s In 1900’s, smallpox changed the way people lived and caused a number of deaths. Smallpox influenced a lot of people and had a big impact on the United States of America. Smallpox was a very sickening and death tolling infection. To start off, “Smallpox was a very serious illness caused by a virus called the Variol” (What is Smallpox?-KidsHealth).…

    • 220 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    A Doctor Who Treats Violence (Ch. 9) Martavia Lambert and Anthony Brown both grown up in the slums, were married for two years with children, and and they had a very abusive and unhealthy relationship. Lambert killed Brown during a fight one night, they were one out of three murders that night. Crime and violence cause a lot of economic problems. Early interventions are expensive, but they become more difficult to deal with later in life.…

    • 1314 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Small Pox History

    • 1688 Words
    • 7 Pages

    The History of Smallpox Smallpox once covered the globe. In Europe alone, 400,000 people a year use to die from it. It used to be extremely infectious. Smallpox started with little brown dots on your skin called macules.…

    • 1688 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Smallpox and Malaria Treatment in the 1700’s Diseases are one of the few things in life that have been around for centuries. Almost all diseases started from viruses, then turned into much bigger outbreaks that could take centuries to cure. The first cases of smallpox and a few other deadly diseases occurred around 300 CE (“History of Smallpox”).…

    • 587 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    Who would want smallpox still floating through the air, patiently, waiting for its next victim? Nobody in their right mind would want to get an infectious disease! Thankfully, smallpox became extinct a few decades ago. Who do we have to thank for that? Well,…

    • 133 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Smallpox: Variola Virus

    • 2308 Words
    • 10 Pages

    What is smallpox exactly? Smallpox is actually the nickname of the virus, the scientific name is Variola which may appear as V. major or V. minor. Variola virus is relatively stable in the natural environment. If aerosolized, it will retain its infectivity for at least several hours if not exposed to sunlight or ultraviolet light. Since the virus is two hundred and sixty by one hundred fifty nanometers and contains a molecule of double stranded DNA putatively coding for some two hundred different proteins; makes smallpox one of the largest viral genomes known which makes it especially difficult to create a synthetic copy of the virus for medical purposes.…

    • 2308 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Is it Worth the Pinch ? : the effectiveness and controversy of vaccines Remember when we were small {well one some of us} we were terrified of the huge monstrous needles called vaccines but, later on when it was the time of the shot it was well only a pinch . well that's not the reason of this essay.before that the doctor would tell your mom that you needed these vaccine to be able go to school or just for your health . eventually your mom or dad resarch and eventually would find many Edward Jenner was a doctor from england .Which he lived during the years of smallpox in Europe . In those days there was a wide spread of the smallpox .…

    • 1545 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In 1523 Giovanni da Verrazzano set sail on a quest to explore the West on behalf of France. The voyage was plagued with various issues as he searched for a passage to the Pacific Ocean and Asia. As Verrazzano sailed up the East coast of the Americas to finally rest at what today is known as Newport, Rhode Island he observed many signs of Native American’s inhabiting the coastline (Staff, 2012). Around the time Verrazzano was traveling up the East coast Native American populations were estimated to be between 2 million and 18 million strong. While there is a huge variance in this estimation, there is little doubt that the Americas were well populated by then (Calloway, 2012).…

    • 1009 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays