The sleeper effect is when a credible communicator uses strong persuasive arguments to have an impact on the attitude of an audience after a long delay (Bordens & Horowitz, 2002). There are two types of aggression that can be used when presenting a persuasive argument. First, there is the instrumental aggression, which is aggression that is drive by the desire to complete a goal (Borden & Horowitz, 2002). If the communicator uses instrumental aggression to persuade the audience towards helping them accomplish a goal, this can be a positive factor. Regardless of the time that passes, the audience will be able to remember the message and complete actions that will help the communicator move forward towards their desired goal. Another type of
