To create tissues and organs, there are six basic processes that a cell is required to go through. The six processes include: cell division, cell growth, differentiation, migration, apoptosis and cell connections. Cell division is a cell progressing through the cell cycle in order to multiply. Cell growth is a cell using the nutrient and optimal environment to grow in volume. Differentiation is a cell turning into specialized cells due to different gene regulators. Migration is a cell moving to the appropriate position within the body, it also is used to fix parts of the body when they are damaged. Apoptosis is cell death that is programmed and cell connections help the cell to contact each other and communicate important information (3, 8).
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This is especially the case with these cellular processes regarding the extracellular matrix. Mutations dealing with cell division occur when normal cells start to gain different molecular changes. Integrins are adhesive receptors on the ECM. When cell division mutations occur the integrins aid in tumor progression by providing the environment for the cells to survive, grow and invade. Cells are transformed and genetic alterations start to occur in normal cells, causing ECM cell adhesion ability to be lost. With this there is a rapid multiplication of cells and these cells are undergoing further modification. The modification causes the cell to adhere and mobilize in areas that are not the original site of production, leading to cancer (5). The division of cells is important when an organism is developing but it also needs the growth of cells to be functional. Cell growth is appropriate when there is not too little and not too much. Growth factors are associated with the ECM through receptors that relay information about growth from the extracellular environment to the intracellular environment. A mutation in a growth factor associated with the ECM can cause changes in the activity of the factor. Because growth factors on ECM are related to heparin sulfate, these sudden changes could cause the inability of blood clotting when it needs to. So, in the case of injury, the body cannot clot blood causing …show more content…
This regulation is maintained by interactions of the cell with the cellular environment. The extracellular matrix plays a major role in keeping the environment stable. Mutations in differentiation can cause conformational changes in receptors on the cells. This in turn causes the receptor function to be down-regulated and if the signal cannot reach the target cell it renders it non-functional. This causes the cell to become unable to adhere to ECM proteins. For example, integrins are an extracellular matrix protein and are the main way for cells to bind and respond to its environment. In the event that this does not happen the keratinocytes in the epidermis could fail to mature and cause a defect in the production of melanocytes. This causes the skin to not produce melanin and the skins is not protected from UV radiation (1). Migration of differentiated cells is very important in development. Some cells are required to migrate before they differentiate and some need to be differentiated before they migrate. Fibronectin binds to integrins and help in the movement of cells. Mutations in fibronectin could cause migration to cease and this, in turn, causes an accumulation of cells in the area were the cells were to migrate from (4). Mutations dealing with fibronectin cause what is known as improper myocardial migration. This is where differentiated cells for the heart are not migrating properly and causes the
This is especially the case with these cellular processes regarding the extracellular matrix. Mutations dealing with cell division occur when normal cells start to gain different molecular changes. Integrins are adhesive receptors on the ECM. When cell division mutations occur the integrins aid in tumor progression by providing the environment for the cells to survive, grow and invade. Cells are transformed and genetic alterations start to occur in normal cells, causing ECM cell adhesion ability to be lost. With this there is a rapid multiplication of cells and these cells are undergoing further modification. The modification causes the cell to adhere and mobilize in areas that are not the original site of production, leading to cancer (5). The division of cells is important when an organism is developing but it also needs the growth of cells to be functional. Cell growth is appropriate when there is not too little and not too much. Growth factors are associated with the ECM through receptors that relay information about growth from the extracellular environment to the intracellular environment. A mutation in a growth factor associated with the ECM can cause changes in the activity of the factor. Because growth factors on ECM are related to heparin sulfate, these sudden changes could cause the inability of blood clotting when it needs to. So, in the case of injury, the body cannot clot blood causing …show more content…
This regulation is maintained by interactions of the cell with the cellular environment. The extracellular matrix plays a major role in keeping the environment stable. Mutations in differentiation can cause conformational changes in receptors on the cells. This in turn causes the receptor function to be down-regulated and if the signal cannot reach the target cell it renders it non-functional. This causes the cell to become unable to adhere to ECM proteins. For example, integrins are an extracellular matrix protein and are the main way for cells to bind and respond to its environment. In the event that this does not happen the keratinocytes in the epidermis could fail to mature and cause a defect in the production of melanocytes. This causes the skin to not produce melanin and the skins is not protected from UV radiation (1). Migration of differentiated cells is very important in development. Some cells are required to migrate before they differentiate and some need to be differentiated before they migrate. Fibronectin binds to integrins and help in the movement of cells. Mutations in fibronectin could cause migration to cease and this, in turn, causes an accumulation of cells in the area were the cells were to migrate from (4). Mutations dealing with fibronectin cause what is known as improper myocardial migration. This is where differentiated cells for the heart are not migrating properly and causes the