The silver refineries was a system which used aqueducts, the water wheel, an iron-shod stamp, and the amalgam, to created nearly pure ingot of silver. But later, the silver would be assayed and taxed at the mint. To produce silver, forests were cut, soil was poisoned from the base metals, and horse, mules, and oxen were used to move the materials to different locations.
Race and Ethnicity in the Spanish Colonies: Negotiating Hierarchy:
European visitors had the desire to mix the Europeans, Africans, and Amerindians in the colonies. Jorge Juan and Antonio de Ulloa traveled to major cities of the Pacific coast of South America, and described Quito, and the ethnic mix in the capital. Alonso Carrio de …show more content…
A system of forced labor was developed, and encomienda, mita, and slavery were all a part of the system, as well as indentured servants, but at the same time, English colonists were expanding their settlements in the South. Pilgrims wanted to break off with the Church of England and wanted to find a new opportunity to follow their spiritual ends in a new land, but the Puritans didn't want to break off the Church of England, but purify it by getting rid of its hierarchy of bishops and priests, free the church from interference with the government, and limit the membership to only people with the same beliefs. Dutch merchants began trading with the Iroquois Confederacy, as well as other native peoples that gave the Dutch access to rich fur trade of Canada. French America focused more on the extraction of natural resources like furs, than minerals, and they also committed to having missionary trips and activities among Amerindian …show more content…
In the Spanish colonies, ecomienda led to the decline in Amerindian population because of the conflicts and unfair treatments that the system put upon the settlers. In colonial Latin America, Amerindian elites came across conflicts from the harsh environment they had to live in, commoners who did not have much money, still had to pay tribute and were forced to work. The slaves brought from Africa were treated terribly, and thus led to the slaves running away or rebelling against the harsh conditions put against them. Also in Spain, colonial policies, urban riots, and tax rebellions caused uprisings that caused conflict among the Amerindian communities. Although all these colonial societies had many conflicts, many of them were able to reach success by overcoming the