Q1a
Freud defines the “apparently insignificant errors made by normal people” as the errors with a psychological basis such as excitement, fatigue, illness, and disorders. In other words, they are caused by distractions of one’s attention, either by psychic or organic factors. The “apparently significant errors” include some inaccuracies of speech in which a person unintentionally uses a wrong word or misreading in writing or the print (Freud, 1920). In contrast, Freud outlines other errors based on forgetfulness that, in essence, cannot be remembered in a certain time interval. For instance, mislaying items that cannot be found again are not of interest. Such errors are not insignificant because they are accompanied by surprise and annoyance, …show more content…
Freud was one of the strongest proposers of determinism. The theory of determinism states that human beings actions are determined by external factors acting on them. Freud states that some “apparently insignificant” errors such as calling the wrong name, typing a wrong word, or missing an appointment are some insignificant errors among human beings (Freud, 1920). Similarly, Skinner states that environmental factors cause virtually all human behavior. The resultant behavior is rewarded. The results drive the consciousness of an animal. A behavior is also influenced by others factors such as a personal moral responsibility and the …show more content…
According to Freud, some common distractors such as illness and fatigue always have an effect on some actions. For instance, fatigue mainly affects mastery of content and, as such, may reduce the typing accuracy of a person. What is more, Skinner also observes that the stimulus influences the repetition of a behavior. In turn, the stimulus depends on the form of the reward: a positive reward promotes repetitiveness in a behavior while a punishment discourages it (Skinner, 1955). Some biological factors such as hormones and neuroticism may increase the propensity for negative behavior, which in turn, results in
Freud defines the “apparently insignificant errors made by normal people” as the errors with a psychological basis such as excitement, fatigue, illness, and disorders. In other words, they are caused by distractions of one’s attention, either by psychic or organic factors. The “apparently significant errors” include some inaccuracies of speech in which a person unintentionally uses a wrong word or misreading in writing or the print (Freud, 1920). In contrast, Freud outlines other errors based on forgetfulness that, in essence, cannot be remembered in a certain time interval. For instance, mislaying items that cannot be found again are not of interest. Such errors are not insignificant because they are accompanied by surprise and annoyance, …show more content…
Freud was one of the strongest proposers of determinism. The theory of determinism states that human beings actions are determined by external factors acting on them. Freud states that some “apparently insignificant” errors such as calling the wrong name, typing a wrong word, or missing an appointment are some insignificant errors among human beings (Freud, 1920). Similarly, Skinner states that environmental factors cause virtually all human behavior. The resultant behavior is rewarded. The results drive the consciousness of an animal. A behavior is also influenced by others factors such as a personal moral responsibility and the …show more content…
According to Freud, some common distractors such as illness and fatigue always have an effect on some actions. For instance, fatigue mainly affects mastery of content and, as such, may reduce the typing accuracy of a person. What is more, Skinner also observes that the stimulus influences the repetition of a behavior. In turn, the stimulus depends on the form of the reward: a positive reward promotes repetitiveness in a behavior while a punishment discourages it (Skinner, 1955). Some biological factors such as hormones and neuroticism may increase the propensity for negative behavior, which in turn, results in