Sickle Cell Anemia: Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) is the most common and severe form of sickle cell disease, and is caused by a genetic mutation that results in an abnormal formation of hemoglobin called hemoglobin S. SCA is an autosomal recessive disease, and the individual can inherit the hemoglobin S gene from both parents. Sometimes, an individual can inherit this gene from one parent and have a normal hemoglobin gene from other parents, and are called sickle cell trait. Individuals with sickle cell trait are often asymptomatic but can transmit the mutation to their children. SCA is characterized by defective hemoglobin synthesis that cause production of deformed, sickle shaped red blood cells. The sickle shaped cells have a shorter life span
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Erythrocytes (Red blood cells) are made in bone marrow and lived in the blood stream for 120 days and then die. In hemolytic anemia, the bone marrow is unable to make red blood cells fast enough to meet the body’s need. The severity of the anemia depends on whether the hemolysis is occur in a gradual or abrupt manner and on the extent of erythrocyte destruction. Mild hemolysis can be asymptomatic while the anemia in severe cases can be life threatening. The clinical presentation of HA is depends on the cause of hemolysis. There are many types of HA. The condition can be inherited or acquired. Hemolytic anemia account for about five percent of all anemia. Hemolytic anemia is not specific to any race. Signs and symptoms of HA are diverse and are due to anemia, previous treatment, the extent of compensation, and the underlying disorder. Patients with minimal or long standing HA may be asymptomatic and the disease is often found incidentally during routine laboratory testing. Clinical manifestation of HA includes, iron deficiency in intravascular hemolysis; tachycardia, dyspnea, angina and weakness in severe case of anemia. Persistent hemolysis can result in bilirubin gall stones and the patient may present with pain abdomen. Bronze color skin and diabetes occur in hematosiderosis. Dark color urine is common due to hemoglobinuria. Other signs includes, leg ulcers, jaundice, splenomegaly (Schick, 2016). The patient in the case study presented with many of the signs and symptoms of HA includes, severe chest and abdominal pain, jaundiced eyes, tachycardia, tachypnea. Therefore, Hemolytic anemia can be a second possible
Erythrocytes (Red blood cells) are made in bone marrow and lived in the blood stream for 120 days and then die. In hemolytic anemia, the bone marrow is unable to make red blood cells fast enough to meet the body’s need. The severity of the anemia depends on whether the hemolysis is occur in a gradual or abrupt manner and on the extent of erythrocyte destruction. Mild hemolysis can be asymptomatic while the anemia in severe cases can be life threatening. The clinical presentation of HA is depends on the cause of hemolysis. There are many types of HA. The condition can be inherited or acquired. Hemolytic anemia account for about five percent of all anemia. Hemolytic anemia is not specific to any race. Signs and symptoms of HA are diverse and are due to anemia, previous treatment, the extent of compensation, and the underlying disorder. Patients with minimal or long standing HA may be asymptomatic and the disease is often found incidentally during routine laboratory testing. Clinical manifestation of HA includes, iron deficiency in intravascular hemolysis; tachycardia, dyspnea, angina and weakness in severe case of anemia. Persistent hemolysis can result in bilirubin gall stones and the patient may present with pain abdomen. Bronze color skin and diabetes occur in hematosiderosis. Dark color urine is common due to hemoglobinuria. Other signs includes, leg ulcers, jaundice, splenomegaly (Schick, 2016). The patient in the case study presented with many of the signs and symptoms of HA includes, severe chest and abdominal pain, jaundiced eyes, tachycardia, tachypnea. Therefore, Hemolytic anemia can be a second possible