Sex of household head (SEXHH): the variable is dummy 1 for male and 0 otherwise. Male has more exposure than female to participate in any social interaction outside home. But females are passing most of their time in home routine activities. Due to this cultural hindrance male has more opportunity to participate in irrigation activities than female does.
Therefore, male headed household has higher probability to generate revenue from agricultural activities particularly irrigation.
Level of education the household head (HHEDUC): education increases people knowledge and skills which help them to do things in differently ways. Literate farmers are expected to do agricultural activities; adopt new technologies, follow scientific farming practices, …show more content…
Land accesses positively affect the probability to participate in irrigation adoption then generating income. The variable is continuous measured in hector and positive sign is expected on impact of households’ incomes.Hussain et al. (2005), approved the large size land holding can lift up farmers from poverty because they can generate more income from the land.
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Nonfarm income source (NFINCOM); the variable is dummy take 1 for those who have nonfarm income and 0 otherwise. Nonfarm income is income earned from any source other than agriculture. It may be petty trade, support or any else. From whatever source the households earn income it strengthens the probability of irrigation participation because input costs and other expenses for performing agriculture in irrigation can be facilitated easily.
Therefore, has positive effect on households’ income. According to the study by (Kuwornu and Owusu, 2012)non farm income used in irrigation activities reached 85% to 87%.
Food security programsupport (HHFSPP); this variable is dummy, 1 for who get food security program support and 0 otherwise. Food security programs in the study area are …show more content…
It affects income from irrigation positively. The model takes dummy 1 for those who have an experience 0 otherwise.
Market access (MARKET); market access for agricultural production has tremendous contribution to income of households. Surplus producer farmers have to get for their products; otherwise they discourage and stop producing next season for market. If there is enough market infrastructure farmers produce eagerly to earn fair price. People who have market access are better in income generation from irrigation agriculture than those who have not.
Therefore, market is positively affect income from irrigation farm. The variable is also dummy take 1 for who have an access to market and 0 for those who have not.
Estimating propensity score; a common method for estimating propensity scores is logistic regression (LR) with treatment group assignment (1=T, 0=C) as the dichotomous outcome and a set of measured covariates as predictors (Rosenbaum & Rubin, 1983; D’Agostino,
1998) cited by (Stone and Tang, 2013). Therefore, in this paper logit model was used to estimate propensity scores. An econometric package to analyze data is STATA Version
Therefore, male headed household has higher probability to generate revenue from agricultural activities particularly irrigation.
Level of education the household head (HHEDUC): education increases people knowledge and skills which help them to do things in differently ways. Literate farmers are expected to do agricultural activities; adopt new technologies, follow scientific farming practices, …show more content…
Land accesses positively affect the probability to participate in irrigation adoption then generating income. The variable is continuous measured in hector and positive sign is expected on impact of households’ incomes.Hussain et al. (2005), approved the large size land holding can lift up farmers from poverty because they can generate more income from the land.
26
Nonfarm income source (NFINCOM); the variable is dummy take 1 for those who have nonfarm income and 0 otherwise. Nonfarm income is income earned from any source other than agriculture. It may be petty trade, support or any else. From whatever source the households earn income it strengthens the probability of irrigation participation because input costs and other expenses for performing agriculture in irrigation can be facilitated easily.
Therefore, has positive effect on households’ income. According to the study by (Kuwornu and Owusu, 2012)non farm income used in irrigation activities reached 85% to 87%.
Food security programsupport (HHFSPP); this variable is dummy, 1 for who get food security program support and 0 otherwise. Food security programs in the study area are …show more content…
It affects income from irrigation positively. The model takes dummy 1 for those who have an experience 0 otherwise.
Market access (MARKET); market access for agricultural production has tremendous contribution to income of households. Surplus producer farmers have to get for their products; otherwise they discourage and stop producing next season for market. If there is enough market infrastructure farmers produce eagerly to earn fair price. People who have market access are better in income generation from irrigation agriculture than those who have not.
Therefore, market is positively affect income from irrigation farm. The variable is also dummy take 1 for who have an access to market and 0 for those who have not.
Estimating propensity score; a common method for estimating propensity scores is logistic regression (LR) with treatment group assignment (1=T, 0=C) as the dichotomous outcome and a set of measured covariates as predictors (Rosenbaum & Rubin, 1983; D’Agostino,
1998) cited by (Stone and Tang, 2013). Therefore, in this paper logit model was used to estimate propensity scores. An econometric package to analyze data is STATA Version