Reduction involves increasing the number of carbon hydrogen bonds by adding hydrogen across a double or triple bond which results in an increase in electron density at the carbon atom. Organic functional groups containing double and triple bonds which undergo reduction are unsaturated. The reduction of the double bond by addition of hydrogen atoms results in the product being fully saturated. Metal hydride reducing agents that have different reactivities toward specific functional groups are commonly used in chemical reductions.…
Nettie Stauts January 26, 2018 CDT-2413 Module 1 Lab Parents Perspective: The parents were apprehensive, but eager, entering their son Luke in a child care program. They were getting early intervention home-centered services in which Luke had progressed with assistance from his therapist and babysitter. He lacked social developmental skills and they heard about inclusion although unfamiliar with the concept. They were adapted interacting with Luke through gestures and augmentative communication devices yet anxious about his communication in the classroom.…
While reading the book Genome by Matt Ridley, I started to hone in on some of the key topics and main ideas to take away from this novel. It was a very interesting read that introduced new ideas to me. Many of the ideas in the book applied directly to our Biology class. Some topics that were covered in lecture can be directly applied to the book. Matt Ridley talks about many important things in his novel; however, I feel as if the chapters of life, species, and environment are the most relatable to lecture as well as our biology class as a whole.…
“There are murders and then there are ... hacking to death, trails of blood…I have not seen one like this,” said one of the investigators at the crime scene (Hagerty). In 2006, Bradley Waldroup brutally murdered his estranged wife’s friend and tried to kill his wife, using a machete and a shotgun to commit murder and mutilation. He was arrested for felony murder and attempted-first degree murder, a premeditated crime that would be sufficient to warrant the death penalty. Waldroup’s defense lawyers had their work cut out for them; in order to make a case, they decided to examine Waldroup’s DNA for the Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene, and found that he had the particular gene variant that correlated with violent behavior. It was clear that the…
Prior to running the statistical test we checked for normality by analyzing the frequencies in the data sets. We also utilized the z-scores to the identify outliers and discovered we did not have outliers in our data. In order to analyze hypothesis (1), a χ2 test of independence was conducted to determine whether the distribution of type of residence is dependent on type of illness. Results indicated that there was a significant difference between the percentage of people with cognitive illnesses living in an assisted living facility (78.0%), a home (12.0%), and a skilled nursing facility (10.0%) and people with organic illnesses living in an assisted living facility (42.0%), a home (34.0%), and a skilled nursing facility (24.0%), χ2 (2, N = 100) = 13.5, p< .05, one-tailed. In order to identify where the specific difference is, an LSD post hoc test must be utilized and analyzed.…
When investigating the mechanisms of neural communication and the impact various drugs can have on this its important to take into consideration what these actually mean and whereabouts in the body are the main components. The word neural communication consists of how neurons communicate with each other through their physiological process, and drugs consist of chemicals, substances or medicines that have a physiological and/or psychological effect on the brain and body. Within this essay I will look at what main parts of the body are associated with neural communication and I will explain how they interact as well as function to create the central nervous system, I will distinguish why the central nervous system itself is important and how…
To monitor for efficacy in this case, I would expect the patient to take 20 mg of fluoxetine daily for 2-4 weeks and return for a follow-up visit, where she indicate if her symptoms have either resolved or improved. To monitor for toxicity, I would want to look for symptoms of serotonin syndrome. Serotonin syndrome occurs due to serotonergic drug use and excitability of peripheral and central postsynaptic 5HT-1A and 5Ht-2A receptors (Volpi-Abadie, Kaye, & Kaye, 2013). Serotonin syndrome symptoms can occur approximately 24 hours after a dosage increase, adding a serotonergic agent and overdose (Volpi-Abadie et al., 2013). Symptoms can range from mild to severe and can include: tachycardia, tremors, diaphoresis, hyperthermia, and delirium (Volpi-Abadie et al., 2013).…
In this lab, we carried out a variety of reactions using different chemicals and metals. A chemical reaction is when the chemical state of the substance you are testing rearranges its ionic and molecular structure. One of the reactions we experienced was single replacement, this consists of one ion switching places with another ion to form a new compound. Another reaction we saw was double replacement. In this reaction, two compounds ions are switched to form two new compounds.…
Psilocybin is a drug that has been there before the human race. It is a type of mushroom, produced by more than two hundred different species. In Central and South America, psilocybin mushroom was used commonly for the religious practice unit the arrival of the Spanish settlers. Psilocybin has so many different names. Some of its names are boomers, god’s flesh, magic mushroom, Mexican mushrooms, mushrooms, musk, sherms, shrooms, silly putty, and Simple Simon.…
A conversation has been sparked from current parents to those who are thinking of having a family on how they can ensure that their child will grow up in the best way possible. The argument of nature versus nurture has ignited a conversation with both individuals active in the science community, as well as, the average individual. During the Inheritance podcast of RadioLab, the elements in which directly influence a child’s genes and upbringing are discussed using examples from studies done on rats, records of individuals in Sweden, and the effect of drug addicted mothers on the child. The conversation begins with an example that uses lab rats to better understand if a mother were to nurture a pup with constant licking, how the pup would then mother their own pups.…
The purpose of this lab is to calculate the chemical formula of a hydrate compound made up of copper, chlorine, and water molecules by using the law of definite proportions. The water of hydration of the copper chloride hydrate sample will be determined as well as the mass of copper and chlorine through a chemical reaction. The results will be used to calculate the moles of copper and chlorine and then the empirical formula of the compound. Techniques used:…
Dopamine is a chemical sent as a neurotransmitter. Dopamine is a chemical reaction that's going on in your brain, that stimulates on how you feel. Dopamine is also linked with the reward center of your brain, Dopamine sends a message to the reward center that can bring pleasure and motivation. It's basically what most of your confidence and joy is built up of, And key force of most of our actions. But on the down side low dopamine levels can lead to serious problems.…
Discussion In this study, the Catechol enzyme was studied under the conditions of varying pH, temperature, substrate concentration, and enzyme concentration. In Figure 1, the data suggested that the trend was neither directly nor inversely proportional, but the highest activity rate was at 24°C. Most enzymes denatured at higher temperatures of approximately 40°C, which led to the inability to see any color change (Helms et al., 1998). At lower temperatures, the enzyme was somewhat efficient because molecules move slower at lower temperatures, so enzymes lost productivity.…
Introduction: Enzymes have a huge effect on the human body and other organisms. Enzymes are catalysts that are used to accelerate the reaction process by lowering the activation energy. For this experiment the catechol oxidase was extracted from potatoes. The enzyme is called catechol oxidase because the oxygen is reacting to catechol. Catechol oxidase causes the browning of the fruits and vegetables because the compound is toxic to the bacteria.…
Purpose: To test the effect of inorganic and organic catalyst concentration and surface area on the reaction rate. Introduction: In this experiment the experimenters will seek to determine what factors determine the rate of a reaction with a catalyst. A catalyst is a molecule that starts a chemical reaction, but it is not part of the reaction it is causing.…