Selenium And Vitamin E: A Qualitative Study

This is not happen in our study due to using selenium and vitamin E. This because selenium and vitamin E inhibit protein kinase and AKT, which leads to decrease the expression of NF-ĸB and VEGF, So they can decrease gemcitabine resistance and increase its apoptotic effect and also, inhibit metastasis post-RFA (Li et al., 1998; Curley et al., 1999; Gopalakrishna & Gundimeda, 2002; Vivanco & Sawyers, 2002; Yang et al., 2005; Meng et al., 2007) . HCC patients treated with RFA plus selenium and vitamin E had the lower expression pattern of NF-ĸB and VEGF , which may be due to small tumor size (Jeng et al., 2004; Karin & Greten, 2005; Atta et al., 2016).
High AFP levels, the presence of ascites and portal vein thrombosis (PVT) indicating increase …show more content…
The current study reported no statistically significant relation was observed between NF-ĸB or VEGF expression and gender (p=0.291& p=0.388 respectively) or age (p=0.725 & p=0.426 respectively), which agrees with Kuo-shyang et al,Ronnie et al, and Hanna et al (Poon et al., 2007; Gaballah et al., 2014), but there was a significant positive correlation between Child-pugh and both NF-ĸB and VEGF. Child-pugh is used to assess the prognosis of chronic liver disease such as HCC, as well as the required strength of treatment. The increase of child-pugh indicates poor prognosis (Cholongitas et al., 2005). NF-ĸB cause disease progression as it promotes the survival and expansion of tumor cells and has the ability to stimulate the expression of proteins that inhibit apoptosis (Sun & Karin, 2008). Also, VEGF is a useful prognostic marker in patients with HCC, the increase of VEGF level indicates poor prognosis. Moreover VEGF is the most potent stimulator of angiogenesis known, which plays an important role in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and there being a significant association between high serum VEGF levels and venous