Register to read the introduction…
Some inventions, however, saw continuity from the first to second-wave civilization. In the first-wave civilizations, in terms of weapons, swords, arrows, and axes were used. The Chinese made advancements in weaponry, namely, the invention of piston bellows, firearms, and gunpowder, changing the game of warfare. In addition, the invention of the draw-loom, silk-handling machinery, the magnetic compass, the iron-chain suspension bridge, paper, and porcelain was also of Chinese origin, and that’s only naming a few. Meanwhile, India initiated the crystallization of sugar and developed methods for making cotton textile. Rome, lastly, engineered numerous infrastructural accomplishments that can still be seen today. Relative to measurements and weighing systems, the Indus valley civilization developed standardized weights and measures which continued to be used by second-wave empires. To put briefly, many inventions from first-wave societies continued to be used – but improved upon, and many completely new innovations were made as
…show more content…
In ancient Egypt, there was a social class pyramid with Pharaohs on the top and slaves on the bottom with middle classmen in between. In the same way, the Tigris-Euphrates river valley civilizations also had a social ladder however instead of Pharaohs there were kings and nobles. These social classes caused a rift between the people, granting too much power to some and too little to others. Additionally, earlier river societies often practiced patriarchy, raising the value of men above women. Concerning inequality between social classes and gender, first and second-wave civilizations shared a common ground. Second-wave empires continued to use social ladders such as the caste system in India. These social structures however, became much more strict and rigid. Furthermore, the margin of difference between social classes widen significantly. In comparison, second-wave empires imposed a firmer hold on women subordination, whereas river valley civilizations were less restrictive.
Both first and second-wave civilizations claimed to have leaders that are spiritual connected to the gods, share a couple of innovations, have a social class system, and practice patriarchy. More pronounced, though, are the points that cause the earlier river societies to differ from second-wave empires. In sum, second-wave empires produced new political concepts – such as the concept
In ancient Egypt, there was a social class pyramid with Pharaohs on the top and slaves on the bottom with middle classmen in between. In the same way, the Tigris-Euphrates river valley civilizations also had a social ladder however instead of Pharaohs there were kings and nobles. These social classes caused a rift between the people, granting too much power to some and too little to others. Additionally, earlier river societies often practiced patriarchy, raising the value of men above women. Concerning inequality between social classes and gender, first and second-wave civilizations shared a common ground. Second-wave empires continued to use social ladders such as the caste system in India. These social structures however, became much more strict and rigid. Furthermore, the margin of difference between social classes widen significantly. In comparison, second-wave empires imposed a firmer hold on women subordination, whereas river valley civilizations were less restrictive.
Both first and second-wave civilizations claimed to have leaders that are spiritual connected to the gods, share a couple of innovations, have a social class system, and practice patriarchy. More pronounced, though, are the points that cause the earlier river societies to differ from second-wave empires. In sum, second-wave empires produced new political concepts – such as the concept