Scientific Tutelage

Improved Essays
Importance of Governmental and Scientific Tutelage
Immanuel Kant designates that, “Enlightenment is a man’s release from his self-incurred tutelage. Tutelage is a man’s inability to make use of his understanding without direction from another. Self-incurred is this tutelage when its cause lies not in lack of reason but in lack of resolution and courage to use it without direction from another. Sapere aude! ‘Have courage to use your own reason!’---that is the motto of the enlightenment.” However, individuals in a society need previous tutelage for direction and future reasoning. The guidance of inhabitants in a state and the development of society rely on governmental tutelage (laws/rules) and scientific tutelage.
Governmental tutelage ascertains importance during the
…show more content…
(Kant 3) The author reveals that when governments try to improve the state, the public must obey the rules (“passively conduct”). However, obeying the rules presents itself as a form of tutelage since citizens “passively” follow the government’s ‘teachings’—if this system (and certain laws) fail, and people resort to making “use of his understanding without direction from another”, then the society becomes corrupt. The French Revolution represents a time period displaying a corrupt society. On August, 1792, the city of Paris rose up against King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette—during their reign, they heavily taxed and mocked the poor whiling failing to address France’s problems. (Kitch) If the government does not provide tutelage (or laws/a set of rules in this case), then society recesses. Since King Louis XV and Mary Antoinette “failed to address France’s problems” and not establish the correct laws and create tutelage for the state, the public “made use of his understanding” by overthrowing the monarchy. This Revolution caused France’s progress to decline—leaders such as Robespierre started controlling the country and guillotined many French civilians,

Related Documents

  • Decent Essays

    Louis Xiv Dbq Analysis

    • 353 Words
    • 2 Pages

    This left no room and power for the people of France to argue. Louis XIV controlled every aspect of the citizens lives, leaving the citizens with no power over the government and their decisions…

    • 353 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Decent Essays

    The French government system now is look upon by many countries. However, back then it was drastically different. The system back then is absolute monarchy. The strict ruling system caused many harms. There are three main factors that lead to the French revolution that is high debts, the high taxes the people have to pay, and starvation.…

    • 310 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Decent Essays

    The French Revolution had many causes for its occurrence including, but not limited to, their leader, unfair treatment of the estates, and poor living conditions of the lower class. This led the people to revolt and made life even more chaotic for the residents of France. Their government, an absolute monarchy, gave King Louis XVI the right to do whatever he wanted for the “well-being” of France. As explained in Document 1, “He ruled by the divine right theory which held that he had received his power to govern from God and was therefore responsible to God alone.” This means that the king had complete control over the power and finance of France and often used it to only benefit himself.…

    • 350 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Superior Essays

    2nd Essay - Rough Draft In Rousseau, Burke, and Revolution in France, 1791 author Gary Kates states that “Furet [claimed] the Revolution embraced a radical ideology of popular sovereignty so that any abuse of power could be excused so long as it was achieved in the name of the people” (175). Personally, I agree with this statement because the people were willing to do anything to get what they desired. The French Revolution was built upon the fact that French citizens desired to control the fate of their own country and not have a sole figure, the King, be in charge of it. In order to achieve what was desired, citizens of France frequently abused power.…

    • 1342 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The great social theorist and philosopher, Isaiah Berlin once stated, “Injustice, poverty, slavery, ignorance - these may be cured by reform or revolution. But men do not live only by fighting evils. They live by positive goals, individual and collective, a vast variety of them, seldom predictable, at times incompatible.” In simpler terms, Berlin is saying that to cure injustice and poverty, men may use revolution and reform but they cannot “live only by fighting evils”, they must also live by positive goals that protect society’s interests as a whole and not become guided by their own ignorance. And it is for these reasons that Maximilien Robespierre’s Reign of Terror was not justified.…

    • 1059 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Beccaria’s idea, was that the French were trying to make a system of law where everyone would be innocent until proven guilty, which is what we use today. Beccaria tried making the lifestyle ‘terror free,’ where there would be no torture, although the death penalty was still used against some beliefs. Along with Beccaria’s ideals, (Beccaria – Essay on Crimes & Punishments) Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes wrote about “The Third Estate,” which embraces all that which belong to the nation. Even though it may be referred to as a ‘nation,’ the nobles received more freedom than peasants, which was common all around France. This is continued with Beccaria’s ideas, because even though nobles may be treated differently, the punishments are always the same, and so is the theory that everyone is innocent until proven guilty.…

    • 725 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The French and the American revolutions started in the 18th century. Both of this revolutions had certain causes and were influenced by the enlightenment ideas. Most of the rebel’s actions are justified and from these same actions several advices can be given to modern people that live under an oppressive form of government. This paper informs you about the reasons the colonies and French citizens revolt, how the Enlightenment ideas influenced this revolts, why were this actions justified and which advices could we give to people that live under an oppressive form of government.…

    • 881 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    “To punish the oppressors of humanity is clemency; to forgive them is barbarity ,” is a quote by Robespierre during his time in power within the Committee of General Security. Robespierre believed it was upon the population to act on the means of attainment of reign of the constitutional laws. His speech explores the influence of society upon the fundamental principle of the democratic or popular government. The failure by the population was not seen favourable by Robespierre and resulted in the adoption of the Committee of General Security managing the internal policy of the country. “…But when the people itself is corrupted, liberty is already lost,” reflects the attitude of the people within the context of the Industrial Revolution, when Terror was lawfully inaugurated as a policy on September 5th, 1793.…

    • 1275 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    The Reign of Terror: Was it Justified? The French Revolution was an important movement in world history. It marked the first time that the lowest class in a country had overthrown the highest class. In France, the Third Estate had decided that they had had enough of unfair taxes and inequality, and so they wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Man and forced the king at the time, Louis XVI, to share power with the National Assembly.…

    • 1097 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Superior Essays

    “Do not allow yourself to be overawed by traditional beliefs and institutions. Slavish regard for the past prevents society from achieving a happier future.” Is a strong statement that would trigger an opinionated response from almost anyone especially if you ask any of these three great thinkers. Although it is impossible to predict their exact response to such a question by looking at their writings and other historical texts related to them one could could create a general idea of what their reply would be. Making the assumption based on the historical opinions and beliefs of these thinker it is not unreasonable to assume that Karl Marx, Immanuel Kant, and to lesser a degree Herbert Spencer would concur with the above statement.…

    • 1415 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Superior Essays

    The Revolutionary Era During the time of the Revolutionary wars within America, France, and Haiti, there are differing opinions of independence. By evaluating each source given, the variations are evident. In terms of these revolutions, each county’s idea of liberty has several different meanings. For example, the United States discusses that all are entitled to certain unalienable rights, among them are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Whereas, the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen in France, states that men are born free and equal in rights.…

    • 1397 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Superior Essays

    To combat this the leaders quickly and efficiently restored France to a monarchy putting King Louis XVI in charge of France again. The French revolution also set a social standard that if a government was not effectively protecting citizen’s natural rights and keeping general order then it was likely going to be overthrown. This added an incentive for monarchs to keep their citizens happy, not just the rich ones either; the whole population. If it was possible for the 3rd estate to overthrow the French government, it was possible anywhere and for any reason. There were also lasting feelings of resentment toward external countries for attempting to stop what the people wanted; a new…

    • 1271 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Superior Essays

    The role played by the ideas of enlightenment in the French Revolution can be assessed by distinguishing the main principles of Enlightenment and what the ‘philosophers’ of Enlightenment strove to accomplish and why. Enlightenment is usually referred to as the ‘Age of Reason’. This age saw the appearance of new ideas relating to reasoning and rational thinking. Enlightenment philosophers not only supported but also promoted the concepts of equality and tolerance within society and taught people not just to accept but to question tradition. The chief principle of Enlightenment, which all of the philosophers began with was the fact that it was essential to replace simple and elementary rules based on motive and natural law for the complicated…

    • 1499 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement which predominantly fuelled the events of the French Revolution. The political and social turmoil was inspired by the political philosophers of the Enlightenment movement. By criticising the common public’s scepticism towards intellectual expansion, Immanuel Kant ushered the revolutionary movement through the introduction of the importance of knowledge and reasoning. Kant endorsed the French Revolution, for it was essentially a representation of his principles exhibited in his essay What is Enlightenment (1784). Furthermore, the 1789 Revolution supported philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s ideals of a state directed by the “general will” of its people.…

    • 1084 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    During the French Revolution society was made up of three separate phases. The three that are brought up are the Moderate Phase, the Radical Phase, and the Thermidor Phase. The people of the French Revolution created the phases to change the form of government and society. The Moderate phase and Radical phase can be shown throughout the French Revolution. The Moderate Phase existed to form a new form of government known as a monarchy.…

    • 1498 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays