Immanuel Kant designates that, “Enlightenment is a man’s release from his self-incurred tutelage. Tutelage is a man’s inability to make use of his understanding without direction from another. Self-incurred is this tutelage when its cause lies not in lack of reason but in lack of resolution and courage to use it without direction from another. Sapere aude! ‘Have courage to use your own reason!’---that is the motto of the enlightenment.” However, individuals in a society need previous tutelage for direction and future reasoning. The guidance of inhabitants in a state and the development of society rely on governmental tutelage (laws/rules) and scientific tutelage.
Governmental tutelage ascertains importance during the …show more content…
(Kant 3) The author reveals that when governments try to improve the state, the public must obey the rules (“passively conduct”). However, obeying the rules presents itself as a form of tutelage since citizens “passively” follow the government’s ‘teachings’—if this system (and certain laws) fail, and people resort to making “use of his understanding without direction from another”, then the society becomes corrupt. The French Revolution represents a time period displaying a corrupt society. On August, 1792, the city of Paris rose up against King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette—during their reign, they heavily taxed and mocked the poor whiling failing to address France’s problems. (Kitch) If the government does not provide tutelage (or laws/a set of rules in this case), then society recesses. Since King Louis XV and Mary Antoinette “failed to address France’s problems” and not establish the correct laws and create tutelage for the state, the public “made use of his understanding” by overthrowing the monarchy. This Revolution caused France’s progress to decline—leaders such as Robespierre started controlling the country and guillotined many French civilians,