INTRODUCTION: In India, the backward castes had been denied all kinds of social and economic endowments. Hence, they had been lagging behind in the process of development. The social and economic deprivation among Scheduled Castes had been most common during pre and post-Independence. Therefore, there was a need of number of special safeguard policies. One of that is, ‘Reservation Policy’. People of depressed classes were considered as untouchables and in 1919, the British Government granted political representation to the untouchables as ‘Depressed classes’. In modern time, they are known as Scheduled Castes.
SCHEDULED CASTES: The term ‘Scheduled caste’ was coined by the Simon commission in 1927. The Scheduled castes were addressed by various …show more content…
A Scheduled Castes order was promulgated in August 1950 according to the provisions of the Indian Constitution.
SCHEDULED TRIBES: The term ‘tribe’ has never been defined with any scientific precision. Of course, some superficial and empirical characteristics are attributed to the term, namely homogeneity, isolation and non – assimilation, territorial integrity, consciousness of unique identify, animism (now defunct), but religion all pervasive, equity, multi-functionality of kinship relations, segmentory nature of the socio-economic units, frequent cooperation for common goals etc. The term “Scheduled Tribes” which is the second category, is defined under Article 366 (25) of the Constitution as “Scheduled Tribes means such tribes or tribal communities or parts of or groups within such tribes or tribal communities as are deemed under Article 342 to be Scheduled Tribes for the purpose of this …show more content…
There are two types of reservations, namely, “Vertical Reservations” and “Horizontal Reservations”. Social Reservation in favour of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes under Article 16(4) of the Constitution of India are “Vertical Reservation”. Special Reservations in favour of physically handicapped, Women etc. under Articles 16 (1) or 15 (3) of the Constitution of India are “Horizontal Reservations”.
CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS:
Articles 14 to 18 of the Indian Constitution guarantee the fundamental right of equality to every citizen of India. The core Article is Article 14 which guarantees, in its positive aspect, “equal protection of the law” and in its negative aspect “equality before the law”. Article 14 in Our Constitution embodies the principle envisaged in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights that “All are equal before the law and are entitled without discrimination to equal protection of the law”. Article 15 (1) – ‘The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them. Article 16 (1) – provides that there shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the
SCHEDULED CASTES: The term ‘Scheduled caste’ was coined by the Simon commission in 1927. The Scheduled castes were addressed by various …show more content…
A Scheduled Castes order was promulgated in August 1950 according to the provisions of the Indian Constitution.
SCHEDULED TRIBES: The term ‘tribe’ has never been defined with any scientific precision. Of course, some superficial and empirical characteristics are attributed to the term, namely homogeneity, isolation and non – assimilation, territorial integrity, consciousness of unique identify, animism (now defunct), but religion all pervasive, equity, multi-functionality of kinship relations, segmentory nature of the socio-economic units, frequent cooperation for common goals etc. The term “Scheduled Tribes” which is the second category, is defined under Article 366 (25) of the Constitution as “Scheduled Tribes means such tribes or tribal communities or parts of or groups within such tribes or tribal communities as are deemed under Article 342 to be Scheduled Tribes for the purpose of this …show more content…
There are two types of reservations, namely, “Vertical Reservations” and “Horizontal Reservations”. Social Reservation in favour of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes under Article 16(4) of the Constitution of India are “Vertical Reservation”. Special Reservations in favour of physically handicapped, Women etc. under Articles 16 (1) or 15 (3) of the Constitution of India are “Horizontal Reservations”.
CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS:
Articles 14 to 18 of the Indian Constitution guarantee the fundamental right of equality to every citizen of India. The core Article is Article 14 which guarantees, in its positive aspect, “equal protection of the law” and in its negative aspect “equality before the law”. Article 14 in Our Constitution embodies the principle envisaged in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights that “All are equal before the law and are entitled without discrimination to equal protection of the law”. Article 15 (1) – ‘The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them. Article 16 (1) – provides that there shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the