Sample Case Control Case Study Essay

Improved Essays
Material and Method

Subjects and samples-
This was a case-control study conducted in King George’s Medical University, a tertiary-care teaching institute, and Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, a tertiary-care government non-teaching institute, in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. A total of 1118 subjects were enrolled including 559 cases and 559 controls. Cases were defined as mothers (age 18-40 years) of live preterm neonates (birth at less than 37 weeks of gestation). Controls were eligible mothers who delivered a neonate at or after 37 weeks of gestation, consecutive to an enrolled case. Mothers who gave birth to twins or those with neonates having congenital anomalies were excluded from the study.
Total 3ml venous blood was taken from each subject for further molecular study. Ethical clearance for the study was obtained from the Institutional ethical committee of King George’s Medical University. Written informed consent was obtained from participating mothers.
Data sources/ measurements-Demographic, environmental, clinical and physical examination findings were recorded for all the cases and controls. Data was
…show more content…
Odds ratios (ORs) for this model with the corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs) were computed. Allele frequencies were assessed by counting alleles and calculating sample proportions. The allelic frequency distributions in the control and case groups were compared by the Pearson chi-squared test. In each group the allele distribution was checked for deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium using an exact test. The haplotypic association between the genes was constructed with the help of SNP version 2.0 software .Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS software, version 12. Results were considered statistically significant when the probability of findings occurring by chance was less than 5% (p<

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    Placenta Case Studies

    • 1244 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Any pregnancy lasting 37-40 weeks is considered a full term pregnancy. Prenatal care should begin soon as a pregnancy test has been confirmed. Prenatal care drastically reduces infant and maternal morbidity rates by early detection and treatment of potential problems (RN Maternal newborn nursing-Review Module ed, 2013). A majority of birth defects occur between 2 and eight weeks gestation. As a registered nurse, I would complete a health history on the patient that will include when was the patient last period, does the patient have children or been pregnant before, the patient height and pre-pregnancy weight, medications that the patient is taking both prescriptions and over I the counter, allergies, any drug use, nutritional status, surgery history, preexisting disease history such as hypertension, diabetes, seizures.…

    • 1244 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Therefore, they created equations and principles regarding the amount of genetic variation in a population. As Hardy and Weinberg developed an equation, p2+2pq+q2=1, to calculate the probability of the genotype frequencies in a population. Thus, it helps to calculate the next generations expected frequency. In Hardy-Weinberg equation, p signifies the dominant allele and q as a recessive allele in the pair of alleles. Therefore, we can conclude that (p) x (p) = p2 which is homozygous dominant.…

    • 897 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In whole-exome sequencing, 126 BCC were analyzed and the blood matching sample. These BCC’s were analyzed for specific exons in the gDNA for differences in the base pairs. During the target panel of the cancer gene 163 sporadic BCC’s were analyzed as well as 4 Gorlin syndrome BCC’s. These BCC’s were analyzed against 387 known cancer-related genes. The last method was RNA sequencing of 61 BCC’s and 25 single matched samples of normal epidermis.…

    • 808 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Lac Operons

    • 1587 Words
    • 6 Pages

    The nucleotide sequences for the wild type DNA and the mutant DNA, pLac/WT and pLac/m2, where aligned and compared to uncover any mutations. The locations of the CAP binding site, promoters, operator, and coding region needed to be highlighted and marked on the nucleotide sequences. The CAP binding site is located 105-116 on the nucleotide. Promoter -35 can be found from 140 to 145 on the sequence. The Promoter -10 is found from 164-169.…

    • 1587 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Miscarriages Of Abortion

    • 2235 Words
    • 9 Pages

    In order to have a case controlled study, Kjaersgaard et al. separated and analyzed women who used antidepressants throughout their pregnancy, women who were depressed, and women who were neither depressed or prescribed antidepressants. In addition to categorizing women based upon their state of mind, they separated women according to the antidepressants they were prescribed, maternal age, cohabitation, education level, and income. Prior to analyzing the given data, Kjaersgaard et al. calculated the risk rates of spontaneous abortion within each maternal age category (pp.1-2).…

    • 2235 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Nursing Evaluation Plan

    • 865 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Bernaix (2008) study “Success of a Lactation Education Program on NICU Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitudes, nurses were measured on the study’s outcome at multiple time points on the educational intervention to overcome barriers to breastfeeding. Outcome actions were measured 2 weeks prior to nurses attending a 4 hour educational program and 3 months after the program. Mothers with infants in the NICU were sampled prior to the beginning of the intervention and 3 months after the initiation of the intervention. This study was a quasi-experiment study took place in a 42 bed NICU with a monthly admission rate of 40 infants and nursing staff of 120 nurses. Questionnaires regarding demographics and the Mothers’ Perceived Support Questionnaire (MPSQ) were given to 19 mothers within 2 weeks of their infant’s admission.…

    • 865 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Research staff visited the various postnatal wards and sequentially approached eligible women about participation. The eligibility of women consisted of the following criteria: (i) feeding some breast milk, (ii) agreement to participate, (iii) had a singleton infant born at term (at least 37weeks), and (iv) were English speaking. Severe illness of either the mother or baby rendered them ineligible. The staff recruited an even ratio of primiparous to multiparous women with a total study group of 914 women. All three hospitals had similar breastfeeding practices including rooming-in, early skin-to-skin contact and available lactation consultants during the postnatal period.…

    • 984 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Pre-Op Nursing Case Study

    • 741 Words
    • 3 Pages

    She was a 16-year-old who presented to Dr. Olbritch’s clinic the previous day and had received the news that experienced a missed miscarriage. She has an 18-gauge IV placed in her right hand. According to her Hcg levels it was estimated that she was around 6-8 weeks of gestation. It was unknown if this…

    • 741 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    There are two ways an abortion can be performed and how far along a woman is in her pregnancy determines the best procedure for her. Medical abortions, one of two forms, do not require the assistance of surgery but rely on medications such as Mifepristone and/or Misoprostol to exterminate the fetus. A surgical abortion is the other form than can be completed to exterminate the fetus. Surgical abortions are performed in a health care provider’s facility which can either be an office or clinic. Aspiration is an abortion procedure that can be performed on a woman up to sixteen weeks after her most recent menstrual period.…

    • 1352 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Miscarriage Essay

    • 989 Words
    • 4 Pages

    BMC Psychiatry experiment resulted in “In this study, we found that 6–10 weeks after spontaneous abortion 18.6 % of females fulfilled criteria for depression and 54.2 % fulfilled criteria for complicated grief “(3). The BMC psychiatry explores the idea that women who had an abortion between the six to ten weekly periods were filled with…

    • 989 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays