S. Auris Case Studies

Mastitis is the most expensive problem facing the dairy industry. Globally, the estimated economic losses due to mastitis reached about 533 billion $ (Ratafia, 1987); the estimated economic loss of milk per cow per one lactation cycle due to mastitis is 70%, while it was 14% due to premature culling, on the other hand it was 7% due to exclusion of the mastitic milk and finally it was 8% due to cost of the veterinary medication, of the total losses reported worldwide (Bardiau et al., 2016; Shaheen et al., 2016; Blood et al., 1978). Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is considered the main worldwide causative agent of 40-70% of contagious bovine mastitis (Bardiau et al., 2016; Shaheen et al., 2016). Moreover, S. aureus is a dangerous threat to …show more content…
aureus has the ability to convert to a multi-drug resistant S. aureus knowing worldwide as Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) which can overcome the human immune system (Al-Tarazi et al., 2009; Hiramatsu et al., 2014). MRSA is known worldwide as a multi-drug resistance acquired hospital pathogen, but recent reports revealed that MRSA was associated with cases of bovine mastitis (Aamer et al., 2014). Vancomycin was considered the drug of choice to overcome MRSA infection, but recently in 1997, MRSA that becomes intermediate susceptibility or resistant to vancomycin (VRSA) was begun to appear, meaning that MRSA can be a vancomycin resistance (MRSA+VRSA) (Cui et al., 2000). The emergence of MRSA and VRSA in mastitis and its return harmful effect on the human being, increasing failure in their treatment, and the associated high morbidity and mortality, all of that, raised a necessity to experimentally searching for a new therapeutic anti-MRSA and VRSA …show more content…
Honey has been used for years for their nutritional and therapeutic values; honey possesses anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial properties, and can overcome the multi-drug resistant bacteria (Patel and Chauhan, 2016). Moreover, honey was able to overcome MRSA biofilms (Merckoll et al., 2009). Furthermore, a significant decline in total bacterial counts TBC (P>0.05) in bovine subclinical mastitis was noticed after intra-mammary infusion by diluted fennel honey (Abdel-Hafeez et al., 2005). Indeed, honey from all over the world have potent bactericidal activities and can reverse the antimicrobial resistance patterns (McLoone et al.,