Introduction:
Since the reform and opening-up policy was released in 1978, the Chinese rural-to-urban migration has become a very important social phenomenon. Large quantities of surplus labor forces in countryside, which come into being migrant workers, flocked into China 's busiest and most international metropolises. According to (Chan, 2011), “In the 30 years since 1979, China’s urban population has grown by about 440 million to 622 million in 2009” (p.1). In the rapid-growing urban population, more than half of the migrants are from rural areas, some of whom obtained the urban household registration, but the vast majority of people still in the state of the floating population. In general, these migrants have to give up the right to use …show more content…
For the push factors, which mainly contained relax the policy of migration and labor surplus in the rural area. As well, income gap, and migrant network were the major aspect of pull …show more content…
For the first aspect, migrant workers often encountered low standards on labor contracts, working and living conditions, salary payments and social insurance (Biao, 2006). The labour contract was the major aspect of the low labour standard. A lot of enterprise did not signed the contracts with the migrant workers when they hire them, this created migrant workers cannot use law as weapon to protect themselves when their legitimate interests and rights from being infringed. Because of migrants were less educated, some of them even did not know what labor contracts is. As well, the working and living conditions of migrants were also below the labour standards. According to the Li (2008), about 33% of workers spent 9-10 hours to do their job per day, nearly 25% people spent 10-11 hours to do their job per day and approximately 13% of workers worked 13 or above hours per day. This situation seriously damaged to the worker’s health. On the other side, workers who worked on manufacturing, construction and a series of dangerous industry have no security assurance. In recent years, building site usually appears the phenomenon of the employee fell to his death. In addition, in the term of salaries payment, some companies ignored the minimum wage guarantee system directly. The salaries of migrant workers
Since the reform and opening-up policy was released in 1978, the Chinese rural-to-urban migration has become a very important social phenomenon. Large quantities of surplus labor forces in countryside, which come into being migrant workers, flocked into China 's busiest and most international metropolises. According to (Chan, 2011), “In the 30 years since 1979, China’s urban population has grown by about 440 million to 622 million in 2009” (p.1). In the rapid-growing urban population, more than half of the migrants are from rural areas, some of whom obtained the urban household registration, but the vast majority of people still in the state of the floating population. In general, these migrants have to give up the right to use …show more content…
For the push factors, which mainly contained relax the policy of migration and labor surplus in the rural area. As well, income gap, and migrant network were the major aspect of pull …show more content…
For the first aspect, migrant workers often encountered low standards on labor contracts, working and living conditions, salary payments and social insurance (Biao, 2006). The labour contract was the major aspect of the low labour standard. A lot of enterprise did not signed the contracts with the migrant workers when they hire them, this created migrant workers cannot use law as weapon to protect themselves when their legitimate interests and rights from being infringed. Because of migrants were less educated, some of them even did not know what labor contracts is. As well, the working and living conditions of migrants were also below the labour standards. According to the Li (2008), about 33% of workers spent 9-10 hours to do their job per day, nearly 25% people spent 10-11 hours to do their job per day and approximately 13% of workers worked 13 or above hours per day. This situation seriously damaged to the worker’s health. On the other side, workers who worked on manufacturing, construction and a series of dangerous industry have no security assurance. In recent years, building site usually appears the phenomenon of the employee fell to his death. In addition, in the term of salaries payment, some companies ignored the minimum wage guarantee system directly. The salaries of migrant workers