In 1968 Rosenthal and Jacobson studied elementary-aged children and compared their intelligence quotient. After their study was over, the two then aimlessly picked out one-fifth of the involved students and explained to the teachers that those children scored the highest on the IQ test. Regardless of what these chosen students actually received on the test, the teachers and the children both thought that they were bright. After the school year was over, Rosenthal and Jacobson preformed the experiment again on the same children. The retest concluded that the one-fifth of students who were chosen in the beginning of the year actually ended up scoring extremely higher on their second test. This experiment showed the Pygmalion effect, which argues
