Risk and Protective Factors
Risk Factors
Risk appears at every transition in Manuelito’s life, he began to pick up several risk factors from early childhood years through late adolescence, which includes individuality factors, family factors, environmental factors, school factors and association with peers.
In Manuelito’s early life through to adolescent years he was exposed to violence and conflict in his family. His father was an alcoholic who was often violent when intoxicated. He traumatically witnessed his father’s outburst and physical aggression. Manuelito was also experienced acculturative stress due to the challenges of adapting to his new environment. As an older brother, Manuelito’s family had high hopes and expectation of him. Family plays an enormous role in shaping a child’s future. Manuelito had multiple adversities to deal with in his childhood, which caused social adjustment issues. The relevant family risk factors include poor bonding with his family, poverty and experiences of violence. The family’s socioeconomic status (low education and income) presents daily living challenges. His neighborhood was socioeconomically depressing and with that it brought a whole host of other problems into Manuelito’s individuality. He lived in an unsafe place that had a culture of poverty, crime, and violence. Manuelito’s parents were trying to provide for their family, which resulted into low parental involvement and monitoring of their children. Having powerlessness over Manny’s behavior and attitude, his parents sent him back to Dominica Republic to spend summer with their grandfather and uncle as an attempt to reform him. Manuelito received harsh disciplinary practices as he was often disciplined with the lash of a switch or the use of threating words. School is very important in providing the academic skills to achieve a successful life. Manuelito did not feel a strong sense of belonging to his school. Poverty exacerbated in the educational institution. The school was understaffed hence, had limited resources and failure to provide support and guidance resulted in his academic failure. Socioeconomic disadvantage was found to correlate with lower levels of school engagement, higher levels of problem behavior, and lower probability of successful adaptation to adolescence (Milkman & Wanberg, 2012). In addition, Manuelito’s poor English language skills, immigration and having parents with little education also contributed to his academic failure and other problematic behaviors. Manuelito faced discrimination and prejudice at school. He became disengaged from school and showed more positive attitude towards work. Due to his family low-income status Manuelito assisted his parents with their business thus, having a hard time keeping up with his academic work he eventually out of school. His parents were not involved in his education, which is a potent indicator of his poor success in school. Manuelito’s family did not take specific action to help their adolescent son stay in school. Once Manuelito reached …show more content…
Manuelito developed deviant peer relationships and popularity. His parents lost all control over his life due to their inability to speak the English language. In his late adulthood after incarceration Manuelito was placed on probation. Probation created difficult challenges for Manuelito to reconnect with his daughter and grandchildren; his dreams were also shattered to own his a home in Punta Cana after his mom died. In addition, his goal to find a partner and get married was never achieved; all these issues left Manuelito in a depressed
Risk Factors
Risk appears at every transition in Manuelito’s life, he began to pick up several risk factors from early childhood years through late adolescence, which includes individuality factors, family factors, environmental factors, school factors and association with peers.
In Manuelito’s early life through to adolescent years he was exposed to violence and conflict in his family. His father was an alcoholic who was often violent when intoxicated. He traumatically witnessed his father’s outburst and physical aggression. Manuelito was also experienced acculturative stress due to the challenges of adapting to his new environment. As an older brother, Manuelito’s family had high hopes and expectation of him. Family plays an enormous role in shaping a child’s future. Manuelito had multiple adversities to deal with in his childhood, which caused social adjustment issues. The relevant family risk factors include poor bonding with his family, poverty and experiences of violence. The family’s socioeconomic status (low education and income) presents daily living challenges. His neighborhood was socioeconomically depressing and with that it brought a whole host of other problems into Manuelito’s individuality. He lived in an unsafe place that had a culture of poverty, crime, and violence. Manuelito’s parents were trying to provide for their family, which resulted into low parental involvement and monitoring of their children. Having powerlessness over Manny’s behavior and attitude, his parents sent him back to Dominica Republic to spend summer with their grandfather and uncle as an attempt to reform him. Manuelito received harsh disciplinary practices as he was often disciplined with the lash of a switch or the use of threating words. School is very important in providing the academic skills to achieve a successful life. Manuelito did not feel a strong sense of belonging to his school. Poverty exacerbated in the educational institution. The school was understaffed hence, had limited resources and failure to provide support and guidance resulted in his academic failure. Socioeconomic disadvantage was found to correlate with lower levels of school engagement, higher levels of problem behavior, and lower probability of successful adaptation to adolescence (Milkman & Wanberg, 2012). In addition, Manuelito’s poor English language skills, immigration and having parents with little education also contributed to his academic failure and other problematic behaviors. Manuelito faced discrimination and prejudice at school. He became disengaged from school and showed more positive attitude towards work. Due to his family low-income status Manuelito assisted his parents with their business thus, having a hard time keeping up with his academic work he eventually out of school. His parents were not involved in his education, which is a potent indicator of his poor success in school. Manuelito’s family did not take specific action to help their adolescent son stay in school. Once Manuelito reached …show more content…
Manuelito developed deviant peer relationships and popularity. His parents lost all control over his life due to their inability to speak the English language. In his late adulthood after incarceration Manuelito was placed on probation. Probation created difficult challenges for Manuelito to reconnect with his daughter and grandchildren; his dreams were also shattered to own his a home in Punta Cana after his mom died. In addition, his goal to find a partner and get married was never achieved; all these issues left Manuelito in a depressed