Unit I Vocab \Europeans.\system, Pueblo Revolt (1600s)- The Spanish had taken over present day New Mexico and the Natives, in particular Pope, were mad because this angered their spiritual ancestors. They were angry because the Spanish set up churches and imprisoned many of the Natives. Although some were not on board, most Natives kicked out the Spanish and destroyed their churches and killed many priests. The Spanish fled to Mexico to regroup.…
The First Crusade was the only fully successful one and had five main contingents under Count Raymond of Toulouse, Geoffrey of Bouillon, Bohemon of Taranot, Count Robert of Flanders, and Duke Robert of Normandy. Byzantine emperor Alexius promised they would hold as Byzantine fiefs whatever lands they conquered from the Muslims, Alexius resupplied them and sent them on their way. After two long and hard years of campaigning in Anatolia and Syria, the crusader reached the Holy Land and in July 1099 took Jerusalem. Once entering the city a bloodbath ensued as they slaughtered civilians and setting fire to shops, homes, mosques, and synagogues. The bloody scene was not a odd occurrence as religious zeal ran extraordinarily high among Europeans.…
The poll tax was introduced by King Richard II in 1380. It was actually the third poll tax that the king tried to pass. The purpose of this tax was to make the citizens register and pay five pence. This poll tax was unpopular in the south-east so they refused it. They royal council sent out people to find those who denied the poll tax.…
The revolt of the Northern Earls was caused by the gentry: Northumberland and Cumberland against William Cecil. In the same way, Pilgrimage of Grace had a subsidiary cause of faction. Henry’s divorce with Catherine of Aragon and disinheritance of Mary alarmed the Aragonist faction. This implied that they would lose power in court without Catherin or Mary on crown. Northumberland and Cumberland demanded the return of political power in the north and wealth as this would ensure a restoration of their influence in the government in the northern counties and increase their financial and political fortunes.…
( Royde-Smith, Showalter, 2015). In other words, this war created a huge bloodbath and destroyed the landscapes, houses, and buildings.…
In the beginning of the Common Era, a new anti-Roman group called the Zealots arose among the Jews. For more than six decades these anti-Roman rebels were active. As a result, the Great Revolt was instigated. The rebels believed that any means necessary were justified to attain political and religious liberty. The leadership of emperor Caligula, the Jews' anti-Roman feelings were seriously challenged.…
Much like the Crusaders at the beginning of the Crusaders in Venice, Alexius IV realized that his promise of 200,000 marks was too good to be true. While he claimed that he would reward the Crusaders for doing a personal favor, the majority of the public felt outraged with the decision Alexius committed. He already was unpopular because the city was at the time in peace until the Fourth Crusade showed up and forced the conquest of the city. [12] When he was only able to come up with half of the money, he immediately raised taxes within the city, committed to any means necessary to produce some sort of money, but still came up short. Even though most of the money went right back to the Venetians, the Crusaders still demanded the money that…
Before the First Crusades had started, the Byzantine Empire was having troubles protecting themselves from the Muslim Seljuk Turks. The Muslims were able to conquer some of the Byzantines land, as they were able to acquire Turkey and Armenia. As a result the Emperor Alexias went to ask Pope Urban the second for protection against the Muslims. Pope Urban looked at this as a way to gain land for the Christian faith and accepted, he gave a speech calling all Christians to join forces to claim Jerusalem and the Holy Land. To further motivate people the Pope promised any past sins would be cleansed if they were to join the crusades.…
In the Gesta Francorum, one historian writes, “After this our men rushed round the whole city, seizing gold and silver, horses and mules, and houses full of all sorts of goods, and they all came rejoicing and weeping from excess of gladness to worship at the Sepulcher of our Savior Jesus, and there they fulfilled their vows to him.” Even with the worship of the sacred places and objects in the Holy Land, the Crusaders still went throughout the city and took whatever they pleased. Along with this fact, the Crusaders continued killing many of the Muslims who were there even after they took the city, and the historian almost paints it as a merciless killing of many people. He writes, “Next morning, they went cautiously up on the Temple roof and attacked the Saracens, both men and women, cutting off their heads with drawn swords. Some of the Saracens threw themselves down headlong from the temple…” With this description, the Crusades begin to sound more and more like a quest for power than one for a religious…
“Crusades Through Arab Eyes” by Amin Maalouf The great Crusade started in the second half of the 11th Century after Pope Urban II appealed to followers to reconquer the Holy Land from Muslims. Most Turks had converted to Islam, which was a concern for Alexios who was the Byzantine emperor of the Middle East region. The first war was to retake the Holy Land from Muslims, but it was realized that the Crusaders (or the Franj as referred by Muslims) had other intentions of conquering the territory of the Muslims. The book “Crusades Through Arab Eyes” tries to portray a different vantage point from an Arab-Muslim perspective.…
Finally, despite all of their attempts, the lacked of leadership and the differences in number are hard to overcome and they were wiped out under the unmatchable power of the…
Disobedience is a core value almost all human naturally have. No amount of rules or strict consequences can stop a person from rebellion. Oscar Wilde said that disobedience is a valuable human trait that promotes social progress. His claim is absolutely valid. From revolution, to civil rights, to even defying parents, disobedience is a valuable character trait that all must bear in order for social progress to be made.…
Ibn al-Athir provided accounts of many tribes, nomadic and otherwise, in the Middle East from 1193 CE to 1231 CE in the third part of his translated chronicle. In these accounts he provides both his perceptions of these various groups as well as the perceptions of those that came in contact with them, many of whom he credits as sources. The four major groups were the Khwarazm Shahs, Mongols – also called Tatars, Byzantines – also called the Byzantine Romans and Byzantine Greeks, and the Crusaders – also called the Franks and Georgians. Upon understanding these viewpoints, an image can be made about 12th and 13th century Levantine Society. Khwarazam Shahs seem to develop throughout the Chronicle.…
According to the first four accounts by Fulcher of Chartres, Robert the Monk, Baldric of Dol and Guibert of Nogent in chapter two of The Crusades: A Reader Pope Urban II called upon all of the Christians (the wealthy, the poor, knights, farmers, father, son) in Europe and neighboring regions to come together as one force and to travel to the Jerusalem (The Holy Land) to take it back from the wicked and sinful who have apprehended it and take it back from those who oppose Christianity. Though the accounts of the four individuals mentioned above differ from one another all four do relate in the way that the say to stop the fighting and warfare among one another and to take anger and hatred and use it to defeat these infidels who have slain many…
Their reactions might have been expected at first, but their attempts to defend themselves soon turned into great hysteria. Large groups of scared people armed themselves heavily and found any nobles or strangers traveling through their town and questioned them and stole their belongings. Basically, the townspeople became the raiders that they feared were coming after them. There was so much hysteria that small rumors about oncoming invaders would evoke a band of rioters. One specific example is that a man thought he saw invaders coming over the hills and the whole town gathered their weapons and prepared to fight, but then they realized that the invaders were actually cattle grazing on the hills.…