One must review the key assumptions of trauma-informed approaches to achieve the goal of this literature review, which is to explore the extent to which trauma-informed approaches have improved children’s experiences within learning contexts. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) of U.S. Department of Health and Human Services suggested four key assumptions in a trauma-informed approach (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2014). To start, it is assumed that every person working within an organization has a basic realization about trauma (SAMHSA, 2014). Trauma-informed practice is based on an essential understanding of how trauma impacts people’s lives, and as an extension, their service needs and frequency of use …show more content…
This school-wide approach means that there is a shared understanding about trauma among all staff members (including teachers, custodian, secretary, administration, counsellors, and volunteers) and a shared responsibility of all students within the school (Trauma and Learning Policy Initiative, n.d.). All students need to feel attached and have a sense a belonging to the school community so that they can participate in the school in a healthy way (Shamblin, Graham, & Bianco, 2016; Trauma and Learning Policy Initiative, n.d.). A school-wide focus that establishes a safe, calm, welcoming and culturally responsive environment, not only benefits all students (Alberta Education, 2016) but also mitigates the negative impact of disparities related to poverty (Blitz, Anderson, & Saastamoinen,