4. Research Design
4.1. Research Approach
There are two main approaches to conducting research, qualitative and quantitative approach (Bryman, 2012; Saunders et al., 2012; Babbie, 2014).
One way of differentiating quantitative and qualitative research is the type of data that used in the studies. Quantitative often associated with the use of numerical data (numbers) in data collection techniques (questionnaire) or data analysis procedure (graphics or statistics). On the other hand, qualitative researches were likely to be correlated with the use of non-numerical data (words, images, videos, etc.) in the data collection techniques (interviews) or data analysis procedure (categorising data). However, in reality many researchers use combination between the two approaches in their research to increase the quality of the research. For example, interviews may be conducted to follow up results from surveys/ questionnaires in order to get comprehensive understanding of the topic. (Saunders et al., 2012, p.161) Quantitative research is more favourable to use in this research because there are different elements that could affect employees’ attitude towards e-HRM. These elements will required large numbers of data to research. Thus, using them as numbers will be more convenient things to do for the researcher. 4.2. Research Strategy This research will be a case study research 4.3. Research Hypotheses The new e-HRM system in the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia is intended to be mandatory for acquiring HR related services. Even though at the time of the research, there are some times when some services, leave management, performance management and e-counselling, were permitted to be acquired without using e-HRM. However, these special treatments usually related to the availability and stability of the internet connection at that times and places or to fulfil the comfortability of the users (e-counselling only). It is theorised in Technology Accepted Model 2 that “in a computer usage context, the direct compliance-based effect of subjective norm on intention over and above perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use will occur in mandatory” (Venkatesh & Davis, 2000, p.188). Furthermore, even on mandated usage of the system in an organisation, variation in usage by the users could still be achieved because some users may choose not to obey the order to use the system. For these matters, the researcher are proposed these following hypotheses: Hypothesis 1: Subjective norm will have a positive direct effect on intention to use. Venkatesh and Davis (2000) found that in the mandatory circumstances, subjective norm have direct effect on intention to using the system. In addition, Indonesia is considered to have high power distance culture (The Hofstede Centre, n.a.). This trait means that Indonesian people consider hierarchy is something important and believe that there are unequal rights between power holders and non-power holders. It also have collectivist society (ibid.), which expected every individuals to follow the principles of the groups within the society. Furthermore, the low score of uncertainty avoidance (ibid.) indicates that …show more content…
Survey methods
Among the survey instruments that have been considered, online method with website surveys has been chosen as an instrument to collect data in this research because of several reasons. First, it could reach wider geographical areas. The main benefit from an e-HRM is its ability to disperse location boundaries from the users to attain HR-related services. Furthermore, with the vast geographical conditions of Indonesia, it will need more time to visit the selected samples. Online method also could reduce the research costs since most of the required elements are available for free.
Another advantage of online method is easier to manage. The questionnaire used in this research is set to expire every 3 days and require the participants to send password after they finish it. If some of the selected samples fail to complete the questionnaire within 3 days, emails will be sent to another samples based on their rank in the list. Online method also has potential to be more attractive to the selected samples because some websites that offer questionnaire service, e.g. SurveyMonkey.com, Typeform.com, QuestionPro.com, freeonlinesurveys.com, etc., also provides their users some tools and templates to enhance the quality of the survey. This research uses Google Form to design the questionnaire because alongside of the tools and templates, it also offer free data export, some basic statistics, and unlimited questions and
4.1. Research Approach
There are two main approaches to conducting research, qualitative and quantitative approach (Bryman, 2012; Saunders et al., 2012; Babbie, 2014).
One way of differentiating quantitative and qualitative research is the type of data that used in the studies. Quantitative often associated with the use of numerical data (numbers) in data collection techniques (questionnaire) or data analysis procedure (graphics or statistics). On the other hand, qualitative researches were likely to be correlated with the use of non-numerical data (words, images, videos, etc.) in the data collection techniques (interviews) or data analysis procedure (categorising data). However, in reality many researchers use combination between the two approaches in their research to increase the quality of the research. For example, interviews may be conducted to follow up results from surveys/ questionnaires in order to get comprehensive understanding of the topic. (Saunders et al., 2012, p.161) Quantitative research is more favourable to use in this research because there are different elements that could affect employees’ attitude towards e-HRM. These elements will required large numbers of data to research. Thus, using them as numbers will be more convenient things to do for the researcher. 4.2. Research Strategy This research will be a case study research 4.3. Research Hypotheses The new e-HRM system in the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia is intended to be mandatory for acquiring HR related services. Even though at the time of the research, there are some times when some services, leave management, performance management and e-counselling, were permitted to be acquired without using e-HRM. However, these special treatments usually related to the availability and stability of the internet connection at that times and places or to fulfil the comfortability of the users (e-counselling only). It is theorised in Technology Accepted Model 2 that “in a computer usage context, the direct compliance-based effect of subjective norm on intention over and above perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use will occur in mandatory” (Venkatesh & Davis, 2000, p.188). Furthermore, even on mandated usage of the system in an organisation, variation in usage by the users could still be achieved because some users may choose not to obey the order to use the system. For these matters, the researcher are proposed these following hypotheses: Hypothesis 1: Subjective norm will have a positive direct effect on intention to use. Venkatesh and Davis (2000) found that in the mandatory circumstances, subjective norm have direct effect on intention to using the system. In addition, Indonesia is considered to have high power distance culture (The Hofstede Centre, n.a.). This trait means that Indonesian people consider hierarchy is something important and believe that there are unequal rights between power holders and non-power holders. It also have collectivist society (ibid.), which expected every individuals to follow the principles of the groups within the society. Furthermore, the low score of uncertainty avoidance (ibid.) indicates that …show more content…
Survey methods
Among the survey instruments that have been considered, online method with website surveys has been chosen as an instrument to collect data in this research because of several reasons. First, it could reach wider geographical areas. The main benefit from an e-HRM is its ability to disperse location boundaries from the users to attain HR-related services. Furthermore, with the vast geographical conditions of Indonesia, it will need more time to visit the selected samples. Online method also could reduce the research costs since most of the required elements are available for free.
Another advantage of online method is easier to manage. The questionnaire used in this research is set to expire every 3 days and require the participants to send password after they finish it. If some of the selected samples fail to complete the questionnaire within 3 days, emails will be sent to another samples based on their rank in the list. Online method also has potential to be more attractive to the selected samples because some websites that offer questionnaire service, e.g. SurveyMonkey.com, Typeform.com, QuestionPro.com, freeonlinesurveys.com, etc., also provides their users some tools and templates to enhance the quality of the survey. This research uses Google Form to design the questionnaire because alongside of the tools and templates, it also offer free data export, some basic statistics, and unlimited questions and